【作者】 李科明；

【导师】 李修炼；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 绞股蓝(Gynostemma pentaphyllum),又名“七叶胆”、“落地生根”,是葫芦科(Cucurbitaceae)绞股蓝属(Gynostemma)多年生草质藤本植物,是我国传统常用中药。本文以安康地区重要的中药材绞股蓝为研究对象,以中药材GAP为准绳,建立无公害绞股蓝标准化生产技术体系为目标,研究探讨了安康地区绞股蓝生产无公害防治关键技术,全面调查了安康地区绞股蓝上节肢动物群落的组成,查清了安康地区绞股蓝主要害虫消长变化规律,筛选了适合绞股蓝生长和害虫特点的无公害农药,为安康地区绞股蓝GAP种植提供理论依据和实践基础。研究结果如下:1.对安康地区绞股蓝田间节肢动物群落进行了初步研究,结果表明绞股蓝田间节肢动物群落由2纲12目51科95种组成。绞股蓝常见害虫种类共有17种,三星黄萤叶甲、蛴螬、小地老虎、蚤蝼为主要害虫,瓢虫和蜘蛛为主要天敌。2.调查明确了绞股蓝主要害虫的发生规律。绞股蓝三星黄萤叶甲一般一年只发生两代,主要危害期在4～5月(苗期)和10～11月;危害绞股蓝的蛴螬种类主要有华北大黑鳃金龟、暗黑鳃金龟、铜绿丽金龟,优势种为华北大黑鳃金龟,其主要危害期在8月中、下旬的新孵化幼虫盛发期。3.对绞股蓝主要害虫三星黄萤叶甲进行了室内外毒效研究,结果表明高效氯氟氰菊酯、阿维菌素、溴氰菊酯对三星黄莹叶甲室内毒力和大田防治效果最好,可以首选这三种药剂来防治三星黄萤叶甲。4.对田间药效试验所选用的化学药剂辛硫磷进行了在土壤和绞股蓝上的消解动态和最终残留试验及高效氯氟氰菊酯在绞股蓝上的消解动态和最终残留试验,结果表明两种药剂在绞股蓝上降解快,不会造成残留问题。5.编写了绞股蓝主要害虫全年防治历、绞股蓝栽培中限量使用的化学农药品种及其使用技术、绞股蓝GAP生产中禁止使用的农药种类和农药安全施用手册,为无公害绞股蓝生产提供了科学依据及具体操作措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Gynostemma pentaphyllum is also known as Qiyedan and Luodishenggen as a chinese traditional herbal medicine. It is a perennial herbal vine belonging to Gynostemma of Cucurbitaceae.The study object in the paple is Gynostemma pentaphyllum which is growing in Ankang. We researched Non-environmental-pollution control techniques of production on Gynostemma pentaphyllum baced on GAP and the standard technique system of Non-environmental-pollution production. We also investigated the arthropod communities in Ankang.The occurence dynamic of the pest had been ascertained too. Some pesticides without social effects were also screened. It can be expected to provide the theory and practice for the production of Gynostemma pentaphyllum based on GAP. The results showed as following:1. The arthropod communities on Gynostemma pentaphyllum in Ankang had been investgated. The results showed that the community was composed of 2 classes, 12 orders, 51families, 95 species, There were 17 species common pests. The major pests were Paridea angulicollis, white grubs, black cutworm and fleas, Ladybirds and spider were the major natural enemies.2. The occurrence regularity of the main pests on Gynostemma pentaphyllum has been investgated. Usually,Paridea angulicollis occurres two generations every year and the damage duration is in April to May and October to November. The dominant species of white grubs which damage to Gynostemma pentaphyllum include Holotrichia oblita Fald, Holotrichia morosa Waterh and Scarabaeoidae. The dominant species is Holotrichia oblita Fald. The pead period of the new larvae is the middle and last ten days of august and that time is the main damage duration too.3. The toxic efficacy test of several insecticides to Paridea had been tested interior and outdoor. The results showed that Abamectin, Beta-cypermethrin and Deltamethrin are more toxicity against Paridea and they could be used at emergency time.4. The dynamic degradation in the soil and the residue test on Gynostemma pentaphyllum of Phoxim and Cyhalothrin which were selected in the field efficacy trials had been tested. The result showed that the amount of the remnant is lower than the remnant national standard of maximal limit (MRL).5. The handbook which include the calendar of control the main pests, the limited pesticides and using techniques and the prohibition using pesticides and safely using pestcides on Ggnostemma pentaphyllum based on GAP had been compiled. It provided the scientific basis and the concrete measures for the production of Ggnostemma pentaphyllum.更多还原