【作者】 张亚利；

【导师】 李新岗；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 野生动植物保护与利用， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 酸枣仁(Semen Ziziphi Spinosae,SZS)是常用中药材之一,载于历版《中华人民共和国药典》。本品味酸性平,归肝、胆、心经,具有补肝、宁心、敛汗、生津的功能。众所周知,药材品质好坏对其临床应用效果有很大影响。市场上酸枣仁来源复杂,品质差异很大,在一定程度上影响临床效果。为了比较陕西酸枣仁品质,本研究以酸枣仁有效成分含量为指标,甘肃(泾川)为参比产区,佳县大酸枣为参比品种,对陕西省6个县区(陕北清涧、佳县,渭北澄城、蒲城和永寿,陕南洛南)酸枣仁品质进行了比较分析,同时对酸枣仁总黄酮和总皂苷提取工艺进行了研究。结果如下:通过单因素(提取液PH值)试验和五因素(提取温度、乙醇浓度、料液比、提取时间和提取次数)四水平正交试验,确定了酸枣仁总黄酮和总皂苷提取工艺。总黄酮的最佳提取工艺为:70%乙醇(PH6.5),料液比1:12,提取温度85℃,水浴回流提取3次,每次2 h。总皂苷最佳提取工艺为:80%乙醇(PH6.5),料液比1:12,提取温度75℃,水浴回流提取3次,每次1.5 h。对酸枣仁有效成分含量进行了测试,结果显示:酸枣仁脂肪油含量在30 %左右,脂肪酸的主要组成是不饱和脂肪酸,其中油酸和亚油酸的相对含量较高;酸枣仁脱脂粉末中总黄酮含量为3.2～4.6 mg/g,酸枣仁皂苷A含量约0.35 mg/g,酸枣仁皂苷B含量为0.17～0.32 mg/g,总皂苷含量在40 mg/g以上;氨基酸含量丰富,种类齐全,对人体有重要功能的谷氨酸含量丰富,高达47 mg/g以上,人体必需氨基酸的量约占氨基酸总量的29 %。不同产区和不同年度酸枣仁的有效成分含量比较结果显示:清涧酸枣仁中脂肪油、总黄酮、总皂苷含量都高于其他产区,酸枣仁皂苷A和B分别略低于澄城酸枣和洛南酸枣,可以看出在所选产区中清涧酸枣仁品质较好。总的来说渭北(澄城、蒲城和永寿)酸枣仁各指标含量在产区间及年度间变化较大,没有规律,陕北的酸枣仁各指标含量较高,年度间稳定,品质较好。该研究结果对于科学利用陕西酸枣仁资源具有指导意义。酸枣与过渡型酸枣间的化学成分比较发现:佳县大酸枣仁中连续两年均表现出脂肪油含量比酸枣仁高,酸枣仁皂苷A含量比酸枣仁低,其他指标年度间差异较大。该结果对酸枣、过渡型酸枣和枣之间的亲缘演化关系研究提供了一定的参考依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Semen Ziziphi Spinosae(SZS),the dried ripe seed of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chou, is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine(TCM )recorded in pharmacopoeia of the people’s republic of China (from 1977 to 2000 Edition). It is sour to the taste, neutral in nature and distributed to the heart, liver and hall bladder channels. It has actions of replenishing the liver, causing tranquilization, arresting excessive perspiration and promoting the production of body fluid. The source complex and quality large difference in market made certain diffculty on clinic application of SZS. The quality of SZS in different areas of Shaanxi province(Qingjian in Shanbei areas, Chengcheng, Pucheng and Yongshou in Weibei area, Luonan in Shannan area) were compared with contents of active ingredients as the inspection indicator, Gansu (Jingchuan)as reference area, big SZS in Jiaxian as reference varietiy for studying the quality in the province. At the same time, the optimum extractive technology of total flavonoids and total saponins were studied. The results were as follows :Confirmed the optimum extractive technology of total flavonoids and total saponins,through the single factor (PH) and the five factors ( temperature of extraction, concentration of ethanol, time of extraction, stock ratio (mass : volume) and times of extraction) four levels orthogonal test, according to the charactors of flavonoids and saponins of SZS. The optimum extraction condition of total flavonoids was that temperature 75℃, adding 70% ethanol(PH6.5), stock ratio1:12, refluxing 3 times,1.5 hours pertime. The optimum extraction condition of total saponins was that temperature 85℃, adding 80% ethanol (PH6.5), stock ratio1:12, refluxing 3 times, 2 hours pertime.Analyzed the content of active ingredient in SZS, the result showed that fatty oil content reached 30%, witch contains plenty of unsaturated fatty acid, and the content of oleic acid and linoleic acid were higher than others. In degrease powder, total flavonoids content was 3.2～4.6 mg/g, jujuboside A 0.35 mg/g , jujuboside B 0.17～0.32 mg/g,and the total saponins content was higher than 40mg/g. There are large quantity and many types of amino acids in SZS, the glutamic acid content was higher than 47 mg/g, which has important function to human body, and the essential amino acids to human occupied 29% in the total. Compared the content of active ingredient in SZS and found the indexes existing difference in different producing areas and different years . The result showed that contents of fatty oil, total flavonoids and total saponins of SZS in Qingjian area were all higher than others, contents of jujuboside A and B distinguished lower than Chengcheng and Luonan. So, it considered that the qulity of SZS in Qingjian was better than others. In conclusion, every index stability and higher,the qulity of SZS in the north of shaanxi is better than others. There is no regularity in the midland area because of the verity of contents. The result has guidance significance to scientific utilization the resource of SZS in shaanxi province.The chemical constituent are compared between Ziziphus jujube Mill. var. spinosa and transitional type. It showed that the content of fatty oil is higher and jujuboside A content is lower than common SZS. The result can provide a certain reference frame for studying the relationship of evolvement.更多还原