【作者】 孟黎鹏；

【导师】 顾继友；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 木材科学与技术， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 中国木材资源，特别是珍贵木材资源短缺，但市场对优质木制品的需求在不断增长，为了解决需求和供应的矛盾，大量的人造薄木被制造出来。杨木和桦木是常见的树种，资源丰富，易于渗透，适合用于生产人造薄木。通过对杨木和桦木单板的漂白，染色和固色研究，筛选出最佳工艺，将为应用于生产奠定基础。研究以H₂O₂为漂白剂进行漂白，在浴比为1：15，pH=10条件下，1.5mm厚的杨木和桦木单板最佳漂白工艺是：杨木单板，H₂O₂浓度2％，Na₂SiO₃浓度0.15％，平平加O浓度0.25％，时间3h，温度60℃；桦木单板，H₂O₂浓度3％，Na₂SiO₃浓度0.15％，平平加O浓度0.3％，时间2h，温度60℃。试验中还对难渗透且已变色的柞木单板进行漂白试验，结果表明乙醇抽提、低浓度NaOH浸泡预处理、添加表面活性剂、阶段性升温、加压可以显著的提高漂白液向单板内部的渗透，提高单板的匀漂效果。用酸性橙Ⅱ对1.5mm厚的桦木单板染色，最佳染色工艺为：（1）用0.5％浓度染料染浅色时，NaCl浓度为0.5％，平平加O的浓度为0.1％，pH=4，温度85℃，时间4h。（2）用1％浓度染料染深色时，NaCl浓度为0.1％，平平加O的浓度为0.05％，pH=4，温度85℃，时间4h。1％浓度染料染色后，单板芯层的染色效果比0.5％浓度的染料染色效果好。NaCl在染色过程中起促染作用，平平加O起渗透、匀染作用，平平加O不能促进上染，且使上染率下降。两者混合使用时，匀染效果比单独使用时好。使用金属盐改善染色单板的耐水牢度时，几种药品对单板的变色影响大小为：K₂Cr₂O₄＞CuSO₄＞Na₂CO₃=NaHCO₃＞KAl（SO₄）₂=Na₂SO₄=NaCl。固色效果的顺序是：K₂Cr₂O₄＞KAl（SO₄）₂＞NaCl＞Na₂SO₄＞CuSO₄＞Na₂CO₃=NaHCO₃。用KAl（SO₄）₂处理，能有效提高单板的耐水颜色稳定性，且处理后的染色单板颜色变化小，综合比较，它是几种金属盐中最适合固色的。K₂Cr₂O₄固色效果优异，但处理后染色单板颜色变化太大，其他药品固色效果差，不适合固色。染色前用壳聚糖对单板进行预处理，单板的耐水，耐光颜色稳定性显著提高，但单板的颜色变化较大，且不能实现单板内部染色。单板染色后直接涂刷壳聚糖，在保证单板内部匀染的前提下，单板的耐光，耐水颜色稳定性显著提高。壳聚糖的浓度在1％左右效果较好。壳聚糖涂刷量对固色效果影响不大，只需将单板涂刷均匀即可。染色后的桦木单板（90 mm×50 mm×2.6 mm）涂刷1ml1％的壳聚糖后的固色效果最佳，经过耐水试验后，明度差和色差分别只有-0.22和0.25NBS，经过耐光试验后，明度差和色差只有-0.73和3.19NBS。更多还原

【Abstract】 The wood resource, esp. rare wood species, is short in China, but the demand of excellentwood products is even increasing. Lots of artificial veneers were produced to solve thecontradiction of demand and supply of wood. Poplar and Birch are two common wood specieswith abundant resource and good osmosis, which are therefore adapted to produce artificialveneer. Based on the studies on the veneer blenching, dyeing and dye-fixing of Poplar andBirch, the best techniques were optimized, which established the foundation for production.The hydrogen peroxide （H₂O₂） was used as blenching agent in this study. When bath ratiowas 1:15 and pH at 10, the optimum technology for blenching 1.5-mm poplar veneer was asfollows, the concentrations of H₂O₂, Na₂SiO₃ and Pergal O were 2%, 0.15% and 0.25%,respectively, and the time for 3h, the temperature at 60℃. For 1.5ram thick Birch veneer, theoptimum technology was that the concentrations of H₂O₂, Na₂SiO₃ and Pergal O were 3%,0.15% and 0.3%, respectively, and the time for 2h, the temperature at 60℃. The study alsoblenched Mongolian Oak wood that is a species of poor osmosis and has colored. It indicatedthat the treatments, such as extraction by ethanol, pretreatment with NaOH, applying surfactant,heating and pressing, would increase the permeation of blenching liquid into wood, andtherefore improve the even blenching.The Birch veneer was dyed with C.I.Acide orange 7. The study optimized the dyeingtechnology as follows. When light orange were dyed, the concentrations of dye, NaCl andPergal O were 0.5%, 0.5% and 0.5%, respectively, pH at 4, temperature at 85℃and time for4h. When dark orange were dyed, the concentrations of dye, NaCl and Pergal O were 1%, 0.1%and 0.05%, respectively, pH at 4, temperature at 85℃and time for 4h. It also discovered thatcolor in center veneer dyed with dye concentration 1% was better than that with 0.5%; duringdyeing the NaCl accelerate the dyeing while the Pergal O made dye distributed even butdecrease the dyeing rate. The dyeing would be well improved when the NaCl mixed withPergal O.The veneer water resistance would be improved metal salt. It found that the effects ofsome salts on color change were as follows, K₂Cr₂O₄＞CuSO₄＞Na₂CO₃=NaHCO₃＞ KAI（SO₄）₂=Na₂SO₄=NaCl and the color fastness effect was as follows, K₂Cr₂O₄＞KAI（SO₄）₂＞NaCl＞Na₂SO₄＞CuSO₄＞Na₂CO₃=NaHCO₃. The KAI（SO₄）₂ was the best saltto fasten color and made dyed wood little color change. The salt K₂Cr₂O₄ had excellent colorfastness but it led dyed wood to great color change. The rest 5 salts had poor color fastness.The pretreatment of veneers with chitosan before dyed could improve the water resistance lightresistance, but the color changed seriously and the center veneer was poorly dyed. Post-treatment with chitosan after dyeing could not only improve the water resistance and lightresistance but also ensure even dyeing in center veneer. The best chitosan concentration forpost-treatment was 1%. And the birch veneer after dyeing post-treated with 1mL 1% chitosancould give best color fastness, for the lightness and color difference respective were only -0.22and 0.25NBS after water resistance test and only -0.73 and 3.19NBS after light resistance test,respectively.更多还原