自由·美·本真

【作者】 郑丹丹；

【导师】 史风华；

【作者基本信息】 华南师范大学 ， 比较文学与世界文学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 著名俄裔美籍作家纳博科夫有着多重的文化身份，彼岸世界观是一股贯穿他毕生创作的神秘力量，它从宗教哲学发展而来，以其神秘性和非确定性而难以概括。笔者采用叙事学理论、新批评的文本细读、哲学分析及读者反应理论等方法，对纳博科夫作品进行解读，试图提出并阐明自己对彼岸世界观的另一种理解，以作为对纳博科夫文学遗产研究的微小补充。纳博科夫的小说并非“故弄玄虚”，而是表达他的“感情和思想”。本文深入发掘纳氏彼岸世界中的自由形而上学内涵，并论述纳博科夫的自由审美创作及自由伦理诉求等价值观念，三者三位一体，构成一种追求自由、非功利美和本真的精神力量。第一章阐述彼岸世界观的源流演变及现代性的“宗教转向”，可知纳博科夫的彼岸世界观已超越了宗教概念，它是个体内心的一种“宗教性”体验，其最本质的特征就是自由。第二章论述纳博科夫的自由观，它以人为目的和主体，注重灵魂和内在精神的自由；坚持自我意识和意志自由，要求得到在社会生活各方面个人权利的平等与尊重，并反对他者意志的支配与强制束缚。第三章论述纳博科夫的自由审美观。他坚持非功利的审美态度，崇尚灵感、自由的想象和创造力，珍视人类思想或情感领域里的激情和美感，并重视艺术性及作品的形式美。第四章论述纳博科夫的自由伦理诉求。纳博科夫推崇人性之美，认可人的特殊性与差异性，注重人的个性自由和本真状态，因此他在小说中表达的伦理诉求不是指普遍的道德规则及“人应当做什么”，而是“人应该如何生存在这个世界上”这一问题。这具体体现为人性之美与人性之恶的对照、个人与群体的抗争等等。纳博科夫把人视为平等而有尊严的存在者，他强调个人拥有自主权，只要不违反社会和他人的利益，每个人都可以追求适合自己的生活方式。结语论证彼岸世界观是贯穿纳博科夫创作的朵朵“图案”底下的那根神秘之线，它凝聚着对人的个性自由的尊重、对美丽纷呈的艺术理想的追求、对故国家园的缅怀和对俄罗斯文化的追思，以及对个人本真自在状态的关怀。在物质经济飞速发展的当今社会，对个人基本自由及内在精神文化生活的追求和重视已逐渐成为人们普遍的共识，故研究纳博科夫的彼岸世界观与自由主义思想具有重大的学术和现实意义。纳博科夫的作品呈现出广阔的开放性和多元的文化色彩，其彼岸世界观并非是一锤定音的，有待读者不断的参与和探索。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a writer who owned great talents and diverse cultural backgrounds, Vladimir Nabokov (1899-1977) was quite extraordinary in the history of Comparative Literature. The idea of "otherworld" Is a mystical power that penetrated through Nabokov’s whole life and literary works. It developed from religious belief, and it’s hard to generalize what the otherworld is because of it’s mystery and ambiguity.This paper analyses Nabokov’s novels by Narrative theory, New-critisim’s close reading theory, Religion theory and Reader response theory, etc. The thesis trys to state and explain my view of Nabokov’s otherworld, and it try to offer a supplement for the study of Nabokov’s literature heritage.In my opinion, Nabokov’s works intended to express his feelings and thoughts. This paper explores the metaphysics of the otherworld, which can be named freedom. We will discuss Nabokov’s free aesthetic conceptions and ethics as well. The trinity of freedom, aesthetics and ethics constructed a spirit power that pursued human freedom, beauty without utility, and intrinsic states. The paper will take up the following four questions one by one. The first chapter analyses th history of the "otherworld", and it also expounds the religious conversion and the changes of modern religion thoughts. We hold that Nabokov’s otherworld had gone beyond the concept of "religion", and it was a individual "religious" expericence. The essence of Nabokov’s otherworld is freedom. The second chapter discusses Nabokov’s liberalism, which attached importance to human beings and stressed the freedom of soul. Nabokov holded the self conciousness and free will. He advocated the equality and respect to civil liberties in social life. And he opposed the domination and control by others. The third chapter discusses Nabokov’s aesthetic conceptions. Nabokov appreciated the bueaty without utility. He advocated inspiration, imagination and creativity. And he cherished the artistry in works. The fourth chapter discusses Nabokov’s free ethics and humanism. Nabokov cherished the virtue of human nature, and he respected the peculiarity and diverdity among people. Nabokov appreciated the freedom and intrinsic states in human nature. Therefore, His ethics expressed in the works didn’t mean the universal laws or the question "what should we do?", but the question that "how human beings can live in the world?". It embodied the constrastions between virtue and evil, the cruelty and anti-Semitism, and the fight between individual and crowd, ect. In Nabokov’s opinion, humen beings have the equality and dignity. Everyone can pursue the life styles that fit them, as long as they didn’t offend the interests of the society or others. At the end of this paper, we come to the conclusion that the "otherworld" Is the mystical thread that went through all of Nabokov’s literary works. It contains the respect of freedom in human nature, the appreciation and pursuit of the bueaty and artistry in works, the memory of his lost Russian home and childhood, the reminiscences of Russian culture, and the concern for the free and unrestrained states of human beings.Nabokov’s otherworld still gives inspiration to us today, and it offers the view of phylosical and cross-culture study. We are looking forward to more discoveries and surprises in the study of Nabokov’s literary heritage.更多还原