【作者】 杨士杰；

【导师】 张勤；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 市政工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 伴随着我国全面建设小康社会事业的展开,高层建筑也大量出现,居民的生活水平、环保意识和对高质量、高品位生活环境的追求同步提高。但在室内排水方面,大多数建筑都还是在采用传统的室内排水做法。虽然传统的室内排水技术在我国应用已有几十年的历史,但是一些难题仍然没有解决,像噪音问题、废水溢出问题、滴水和渗漏问题等等,并且随着时代的发展,一些新的问题又凸现出来,如卫生器具摆放受限制等。独立、完整、自由、节能、健康是建筑室内排水系统的未来发展方向,因此传统的室内排水系统的改进和优化愈来愈显示出迫切性和重要性,加强室内排水系统的改进和优化研究是十分必要的。现代建筑的类型日趋多样化,在满足规范要求的条件下,往往会有几种不同的排水系统类型或通气方式可供选择。这些排水系统优点与不足共存。因此,排水方式的选择是一个值得研究的问题。由于建筑排水方式受到技术、经济和社会环境效益等不确定性因素的影响,对它们的评价往往带有模糊性,因此应用模糊数学的方法对排水方式进行评判比较合理。本文利用多层次模糊综合评判理论来评价特定条件下某种排水方式的优劣。多层次模糊综合评判法是首先根据项目的实际特点,建立评价因素指标体系,对方案各指标由低层次向高层次的顺序,进行综合评价,得到一个既定量化又较符合实际的评价结果。运用多层次模糊综合评判法可以充分考虑建筑室内排水系统的多种影响因素,从技术、经济和社会环境影响三方面来评价排水方式的优劣,通过对比得到最优的排水方式。排水设计秒流量反映了室内生活排水管道的设计负荷,是确定各排水管段管径的依据。因此研究合理的排水设计秒流量计算方法具有重要的现实意义。本文在分析建筑室内生活排水系统排水特点和国内外建筑排水设计秒流量计算方法的基础上,结合国外常用的用于室内给水计算的两种概率方法,即亨特概率法和俄罗斯概率法,提出了基于概率论的建筑室内排水设计秒流量计算方法。最后,本文对建筑室内排水常用管材进行了对比和优化选择。一,从技术和经济两方面,重点比较了最常用的铸铁排水管和硬聚氯乙烯(UPVC)排水管的优劣,并提出了合理的排水管材应用方案;二,应用价值系数法来进行排水管材的优化选择,即通过计算各种管材的功能评价系数和成本评价系数,然后求出两个系数之比,根据比值的大小(即性价比)来判断排水管材的价值,从而选出最优管材。更多还原

【Abstract】 With China building a well-off society started, large numbers of high-rise buildings have appeared;the standard of living,environmental awareness and the high-quality、high-grade environment for the pursuit of life improve simultaneously. But in the indoor drainage, the majority of residential buildings are still using the traditional indoor drainage systems approach. While traditional indoor drainage technology has been used in China for several decades of history, some problems remain unresolved like noise, wastewater overflow, the water dripping and leakage, etc. And with development of the times, some new problems appeared such as health devices placed by the restrictions. Independence, integrity, free space, energy-saving, health is the future development direction of indoor drainage system. So it is very urgent and important to improve and optimize the traditional indoor drainage system and enhancing indoor drainage system improvement and optimization study is very necessary.Modern building types are becoming more diverse. Meeting the requirements under the norms, there often have several available different types of drainage systems or ventilation options. These drainage systems have advantages and disadvantages of co-existence. Therefore, the choice of the drainage way is a question worth considering. As the drainage way of buildings is influenced by technological, economic and social environment uncertainty factors. As the evaluation often with vague, using fuzzy math method to judge the drainage way is more reasonable. This paper evaluates the quality of some drainage ways in specific conditions by using multi-level theory of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. First, under the actual characteristics, establish evaluation factors index system,divide the involved various factors into several categories according to certain attributes; from low to high order, evaluate each category,gain an established,quantitative and actual results of the evaluation. Using multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method can fully consider the various factors of the indoor drainage system, evaluate the merits of the various drainage way from technology, economic and social environment influence, hence gain an optimal drainage way.The design seconds of the indoor drainage system reflects the design load of the drainage pipe,is the basis to determine the pipe diameter. The study of reasonable design calculation method of drainage seconds flux has important practical significance. Based on the analysis of indoor life drainage characteristics of the drainage system and the seconds flux of drainage design calculation methods at home and abroad, using the two probabilistic methods abroad for indoor water calculation, that Hunt and Russian probability, this paper explores the calculation method of seconds flux of drainage design based on the theory of probability.At the end, this paper explores the comparison and optimization of choice used for indoor drainage pipes. First, from technical and economic aspects, compares the merits of the most commonly used pipes as cast iron pipes and hard polyvinyl chloride (UPVC); then, use value coefficient method to optimize the choice of drainage pipe: calculate the functional evaluation coefficient and cost evaluation coefficient of various pipes, and then calculate the ratio of two coefficients. According to the ratio (cost-effective),determine the value of the drainage pipes and choose the most suitable pipe.更多还原