【作者】 肖红英；

【导师】 李先波；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 民商法学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 在合同法理论中，合同相对性原则可谓是合同理论大厦的基石，它自罗马法以来，就为两大法系所严格遵守。19世纪以来，社会经济发展迅猛，在现代商业结构下，交易往往涉及一连串人，以合同为纽带的市场关系表现出前所未有的复杂性和广泛性。传统的合同相对性理论在现实中的表现不够完美了，不能满足人们对实质正义的要求。固守合同相对性将带来严重的实质不平等。涉他合同就是在这样的现实环境中，冲破合同相对性，应运而生。本文从合同相对性原则出发，采历史分析的方法、比较分析的方法考察了两大法系涉他合同制度的历史发展过程。在大陆法系国家中，都是将涉他合同作为合同相对性原则的例外得以承认，表现出一种宽容的态度，在各国民法典中都能看见涉他合同的法律规定。而在英美法系国家中，英国是合同相对性原则的忠实拥护者，一直否认涉他合同的效力，直到1999年通过的《第三人权利法案》才有所突破，而美国在较早的时候也承认了涉他合同。涉他合同是为实现合同的实质正义而产生并被承认的，同时，也因涉他合同本身的重大价值而越来越被重视。本文分析了两种涉他合同：为第三人利益合同和第三人负担合同。通过对两种涉他合同的特征、成立要件、基础法律关系及其效力的分析，认为为第三人利益合同成立的关键在于赋予第三人独立请求权，而对于第三人负担合同，理论上还颇存争议，一般认为其并未转化为效力涉他的合同。而对于我国《合同法》中第64、65条是否为涉他合同的规定之争论，本文认为，其不是关于涉他合同的规定，而是关于第三人履行的规定。我国应借鉴别国先进经验，为适应现实经济生活的需要，建立我国的涉他合同制度。更多还原

【Abstract】 Among the contract theories, the doctrine of privity ofcontract is the great backstone of contract theory system. Eversince the Roman law, it has been observed seriously by the twolaw system. With the development of modern economy from 19thcentury, transaction always involves many people under themodern trade system. The market relationship with the contractas a link has got unprecedented extensiveness and intricacy.The traditional doctrine of privity of contract cann’t meetthe needs of modern society, and abiding the doctrine sometimeswill result in unequality. So the contract concerning thirdparty came into existence with the need of reality.The dissertation gives an outline of the historicalprogress of contract concerning third party of the two lawsystem with the historical analysis method and comparativeanalysis method. As to the continental law system, the contractlaw of many countries show great tolerance to the contractconcerning third party. Many countries have set down relatedcontract regulations concerning third party in their civil law.While of Anglo-American law system, they didn’t admit thecontract law concerning third party, especially Englishcontract law didn’t admit until the Contracts 1999 Act. Butthe contract concerning third party was established in American law much earlier. The contract concerning third party has beenaccepted in order to fulfill real justice. And its own valueand functions have been put into importance.The dissertation analyzes two kinds of contract concerningthird party that is contract for the benefit of third party andcontract of third party liability. Through analysis of thecharacteristics, basic law relationship, and indispensableconditions of such contract, we conclude that the key point ofthe contract for the benefit of third party is that the thirdparty can enforce a term on contract in his own right in orderto obtain the promised performance. As to the contract of thirdparty liability, its binding effect still hasn’t beenconfirmed yet. As to the controversy for the item 64 and 65 ofthe Contract Law has got a conclusion that they aren’t theregulations about contract concerning third party, but aboutperformance regulations concerning third party. So thedissertation proposes that systematic and comprehensive systemof contract concerning third party should be formulated inChina in light of international legislative experience andmature theories of two legal families.更多还原