【作者】 盛红勇；

【导师】 钟毅平；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 基础心理学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 目前，大学生的心理健康问题越来越成为人们所关注的焦点，关于大学生心理健康的研究也比较多。大学生心理健康教育研究在研究的目的意义、方法与手段、心理健康的概念标准、水平及教育体系等方面取得了巨大的成绩。但从发展的角度对大学生的心理健康进行追踪研究，大学生的人际信任、创造力倾向、羞怯孤独、社会交往、意志品质、抱负水平、自我监控等对心理健康状况的影响以及大学生心理健康水平与学业成绩、综合测评的相关研究比较少。为了解新时期地方高校新生的心理健康状况，我们对过去十年(1993-2004)新生SCL-90研究报告进行元分析，在了解近十年新生心理健康发展趋势的基础上，对某校2003年到2005年新生的心理健康状况及发展趋势进行了研究，并对人际信任、社交孤独、情感孤独、社交回避、社交苦恼、羞怯心理、学业成绩以及创造倾向与心理健康之间的关系进行了探讨。在以上研究的基础上提出了进一步搞好新生心理健康教育的措施。本研究的主要结果如下：1．以大学生常模为标准，对过去十年大学新生SCL-90研究报告进行元分析，9个因子的总平均效果量为-0.32，各因子平均效果量在-0.21到-0.50之间，显示大学新生心理健康状况较好。2．元分析表明研究报告的取样人数效应和经济水平效应显著，能解释效果量的30.2％，大学新生SCL-90测验结果的解释应该考虑地域差异和取样差异；通过对近十年地方高校与省会等大城市高校新生SCL-90测验各因子均分比较，发现地方高校新生在躯体化、强迫、抑郁、焦虑等方面显著高于省会等大城市。3．每届新生的心理健康水平有逐年下降的趋势，大一新生的心理健康水平有随入学时间的延长而下降的趋势。女生的心理健康水平明显的不如男生，而且男女新生心理健康水平的差距在不断扩大。4．心理健康总分与人际信任存在显著性负相关，与社交孤独存在显著性正相关，而感情孤独与心理健康不存在显著性相关。人际信任、社交孤独对心理健康有显著的预测作用，人际信任对社交孤独有显著的预测作用。5．心理健康总分与羞怯、社交回避、社交苦恼存在显著性正相关；羞怯与社交回避及苦恼存在极显著性正相关；羞怯对心理健康有较大的预测作用而社交回避、社交苦恼对心理健康的预测作用不显著，社交回避、社交苦恼对羞怯有很好的预测作用。6．新生的心理健康水平与期末考试成绩没有显著性相关，但对综合测评成绩具有较大的预测作用；新生的适应不良与心理健康总分呈极显著性正相关，与创造力倾向呈显著性负相关；而且适应不良对创造倾向、心理健康有很好的预测作用。因此，大学生心理健康教育在作好现有工作的基础上，必须充分认识地方高校大学新生心理特点，建立符合本校实际情况的心理教育评价体系；运用“目标导向激励机制”，帮助大学新生找准职业发展方向；加强人性观与价值观教育并进行适应大学生活的训练与教育；改善学生回避社会交往的状况，激发学生自我教育的意识；对学生进行情感教育并采用情感关怀的方法对待学生并加强对女生的心理健康教育。更多还原

【Abstract】 College students’ problems of mental health are becoming thefocus of much attention and these researches have uncovered many moreproblems. These researches have made great achievements in understanding,methods and instruments; the concepts, standards, level and educationalsystem of mental health. But some researches are deficient, such as theresearch from the point of development; the correlation between collegestudents’ mental health and interpersonal trust, the tendency ofcreativity, shyness and loneliness, social intercourse, the characterof will, self-control, study achievement and so on.In order to identify the conditions of freshmen’s mental health,we have meta-analyzed the reports concerning SCL-90 of freshmen duringthe past 10 years, and analyzed the conditions and development tendencyof freshmen’s mental health on a local college during the past 3 years,then we have discussed the correlation between college freshmen’ smental health and interpersonal trust, social loneliness, emotionalloneliness, social avoidance, social distress, shyness, studyachievement, the tendency of creativity. And based on these studies, wehave put forward some measures for the education of freshmen’s mentalhealth.The following are the results of my research.1. Compared with the norm of college students’, the average effectof 9 factors was -0.32 and the average effect sizes of each factor ranged from -0.21 to -0.50, which indicated that the exiting reports did notshow the college freshmen had serious psychological problems.2. The sampling- quantity effect and economic level effect weresignificant, whose R~2 were 0.302. It mean that the reports of freshmen’sSCL-90 should show the sampling- quantity effect and economic leveleffect; The meta-analysis indicated that freshmen’s score of localcollege is obviously higher than big cities in somatization,obsessive-compulsive, depression, anxiety.3. Freshmen’s mental health was on a decline trend eachyear, andthe freshmen’s mental health was in decline with time prolonged, Thefemale freshmen had lower level of mental health than the male, andfurthermore the difference of mental health between the male and femalewas becoming much greater.4. Mental health had significantly negative correlation withinterpersonal trust, significantly positive correlation with socialloneliness and no correlation with emotional loneliness. Freshmen’ sinterpersonal trust and social loneliness had significantly predictiveeffect on mental health, and interpersonal trust had significantlypredictive effect on social loneliness.5. Freshmen’s mental health had significantly positive correlationwith shyness, social avoidance and social distress, and shyness hadsignificantly positive correlation with social avoidance and socialdistress. Freshmen’s shyness had significantly predictive effect on mental health; social avoidance and social distress had no predictiveeffect on mental health, while significantly on shyness.6. Freshmen’s mental health had no significant correlation withfinal academic achievement, but significant predictive effect oncomprehensive appraisal. Freshmen’s maladjustment had significantpositive correlation with mental health, and significant negativecorrelationwith creativity tendency. And maladjustment had significantpredictive effect on creativity tendency and mental health.Therefore, it is very important to pay more attention to mentalhealth education. Based on existing work, we must fully knowpsychological characteristic of local university and set up harmoniousdevelopment view; We can use "goal-oriented incentive mechanism" tohelp freshmen to find their occupational development direction, and thenbuiid up their developing goals. Furthermore we should strengthen theeducation of view of human nature and values, and also provide thetraining for adaptation of the college life, Stimulates students’self-education consciousness, Carry on emotional education to thestudents and treat the student with method of emotional concern, and alsopay more attention to female students.更多还原