【作者】 马玉峰；

【导师】 贾宝全； 王葆芳；

【作者基本信息】 中国林业科学研究院 ， 水土保持与荒漠化防治， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文以伊金霍洛旗(简称“伊旗”)为例，系统分析了1984-2000年该地区土地利用格局变化及其区域差异，进一步探讨了土地利用变化的驱动机制，并对近期研究区植被覆盖度的动态变化进行了研究。与以前相关研究相比较，本项研究进一步细化了自然因子对土地利用变化的影响作用，对当地生态环境改善、社会经济可持续发展具有重要的现实意义。本论文的主要结论如下：(1)土地利用格局变化及区域差异：1984-1991年(前期)土地利用变化以建设用地和乔木林地的快速增加、流动沙地和草地的减少为特点；1991-2000年(后期)，以林地大幅减少、流动沙地和草地大幅增加为特点。从空间稳定性看，草地和水体最稳定，耕地次之，其他类型较差。林地、水体、建设用地的变化主要集中在毛乌素沙地亚区；耕地的变化集中于黄土丘陵亚区。流动沙地的变化集中在毛乌素沙地亚区和乌审凹地亚区，前期减少、后期扩大。草地变化前后期分别集中于黄土丘陵亚区和毛乌素沙地亚区。从重心空间位移来看，草地和水体的空间位移较小，而其他土地利用类型空间位移较显著。(2)自然因子与土地利用变化的关系：Ⅰ．气候暖干化趋势将导致水资源的供求矛盾进一步激化，干旱加剧，必然引起土地利用方式的转变。在研究区，牧业发展优于农业。Ⅱ．地形因素分析表明，坡度越大，各土地利用类型间的转换越频繁，而且阳坡比阴坡的变化更强烈。Ⅲ．土地沙漠化对土地利用变化的影响随着沙漠化程度的加重而变得强烈。在不同景观亚区，重度沙漠化区域都是土地利用变化的最活跃区域。Ⅳ．伊旗土地利用的变化活跃区一般集中于流动风沙土、半流动风沙土上，说明结构稳定性低和肥力较差的土壤类型容易发生土地利用方式的变化。Ⅴ．植被因素分析表明，群落稳定性较差的植被类型容易发生土地利用方式的转换。Ⅵ．伊金霍洛旗土壤养分状况普遍较为贫瘠，适宜耕作的土地资源有限，大部分为林牧用地。三个景观亚区土壤养分状况的顺序为：乌审凹地亚区＞毛乌素沙地亚区＞黄土丘陵亚区。土壤养分在一定程度上决定着耕地的分布格局。Ⅶ．土地利用结构的合理性评价结果表明：1984-2000年间，除黄土丘陵亚区的耕地和乌审凹地亚区的乔木林地外，其他区域各土地利用类型的合理性指数均有所下降，说明整体上土地利用结构没有得到改善，并有进一步向不合理状态发展的趋势。(3)土地利用变化的人为驱动力机制：在短时间尺度上，人类活动是土地利用变化最主要的驱动因素，表现在人口、政策、经济利益、资源开发和超载过牧与不合理畜群结构五个方面。(4)近期该区域植被覆盖度在年际间呈现波动变化特点。影响植被覆盖度变化的因素主要有三个方面：荒漠化治理成效、经济结构的优化和气候因素。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ejinhollo County, which lies in the agro-pastoral transition area, is chosen as a studyregion. Land use change and its regional difference are analyzed generally in the study regionduring 1984 to 2000 year, and its driving force is discussed farther in this dissertation. Theimportant evolvement is to identify farther the effect of natural environmental factors on landuse change. To study the driving force will be of significance for environmental improvementand sustainable development of society and economy. After preliminary analysis, results weregot as following:(1)Land use change and regional difference: The characters of land use change were thatthe land used for construction and high forest lands increased quickly while the shifting duneand grasslands decreased from 1984 to 1991 and the shifting dune and grasslands increasedgreatly while forestlands decreased largely from 1991 to 2000. If 50% of LUCC type can bemaintained stable in spatiality in the different time stages, it is Considered that the LUCC typehas a high stability. From this viewpoint, the results show that the stability of grasslands andwater field is the highest, then that of farmlands, and that of other land use types were unstable.The change of woodland, water field and the land used for construction focused on Mu UsSandland subregion; the change of farmland focused on loess hill subregion; the change of theshifting dune focused on Mu Us Sandland subregion and Wushen Lowland subregion. Thechange of grassland focused on loess hill subregion from 1984 to 1991 year and on Mu UsSandland subregion from 1991 to 2000 year. Spatial displacements of grasslands and waterfield were less, and that of other LUCC types was remarkable.(2) The relationship between natural environmental factors and land use change:Ⅰ. The more warm and dry direction of climate will result in intensifying farther conflictof water’s supply and demand. Therefore, the drought will be enhanced and urge land usechange. In the study region, it is more preferential to develop stockbreeding than agriculture.Ⅱ. The landform analysis prove that along with gradient bigger, the conversion amongdifferent land use types will be more frequent, and the effect on sunny exposure is more intensethan downsun exposure.Ⅲ. The effect of desertification on land use change will be more intense along with thedesertification more severe. In different subregions, the areas of severe desertification are themost active regions of land use change. Ⅳ. Generally, the active regions of land use change focus on shifting sandy soil andsemi-fixed sandy soil. It shows that land use change is easy to occur on the soil types whosestructure stability and fertility are inferior.Ⅴ. The vegetation analysis show that land use change is easy to occur on the vegetationtypes whose structure stability is inferior.Ⅵ. Generally, the situation of soil nutrient is infertile in Ejinhollo County. In threesubregions, the order on the situation of soil nutrient is Wushen Lowland subregion＞Mu UsSandland subregion＞Loess Hill subregion. At a certain extent, the distributing pattern offarmland is dependent on the situation of soil nutrient.Ⅶ. The rationality estimates of land use structure show that except farmland on Loess Hillsubregion and high forest land on Wushen Lowland subregion, the rationality indices of othersdeclined, which prove that in general, and land use structure hasn’t improve and has anirrational trend.(3)The human factors of land use change: On short-term temporal scale, human activitiesare the most important driving factors of land use change, which represent on population,policy, and economical benefit, development of resource and drove structure.(4) Vegetation coverage presents wavy change trend between recent different years in theregion. There are mostly three factors which affect vegetation coverage: the effect ofdesertification combating, optimizing of economic structure and climate factor.更多还原