厦门机场高速路隧道爆破振动效应及其控制

【作者】 唐信来；

【导师】 陈寿如；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 地下空间资源与科学工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 在矿山、建筑、水电、交通、人防等建设工程中需要使用爆破进行大量的土石方开挖，在实施爆破的过程中，会出现爆破振动危害。爆破振动能够引起建构筑物、地基、边坡、巷道或隧道破坏，并且会对人们的心理造成一定的伤害。鉴于此，本文对爆破振动机理及爆破振动效应控制进行深入的研究。在许多近接建筑物的隧道爆破施工中，除了由于隧道开挖引起应力重新分布而带来的静力影响外，在岩石中因为钻爆法施工而带来的振动效应也是必须要考虑的因素。本文结合厦门机场高速路万石山隧道出口近接巡顶司巷小区(龙舟公寓)部分房屋的减振爆破技术研究项目，对隧道近接施工的爆破振动效应及控制技术进行了研究。本文阐述了岩石爆破破坏机理的理论，评价了它们的适用性，阐明了爆破地震波的产生机理、种类及特征。结合实际工程中的岩石爆破开挖试验，实测爆破振动衰减规律，对实测爆破垂直向振动速度、水平向振动速度和频率进行了分析，不断地调整爆破设计参数，从而最终确定合适的爆破参数，保证新建隧道的施工进度和既有结构物的安全。本文最后对减振爆破控制技术进行了系统的阐述，结合工程的现场试验，利用干扰振动控制爆破技术进行研究与施工，取得了较为理想的科研成果，将爆破振动速度控制在1.5cm／s以内。事实证明采用干扰爆破的方法并配合现场综合降振措施，使用高精度雷管爆破，能有效控制爆破地震强度，同时在现场通过实验得出干扰爆破的最佳延期时间Δt应不小于岩石振动周期T的二分之一，即Δt≥T／2。这些成果有望在今后类似的工程中得到应用和发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Blasting plays a very important role in the construction projects such as mining, construction, hydroelectricity and transportation in the process of huge amount of soil and rock excavation. Unfortunately, there is blasting vibration destruction in the process of blasting, which can destruct buildings, foundations, slopes and tunnels as well as do great harm to people’s psychology. Therefore, blasting vibration mechanism and control measures of blasting vibration are deeply researched in this thesis.For many buildings near to tunnel construction blasting, apart from the stress arising from tunnel excavation and re-distribution of the static effects, the factor that vibration effect result from rock drilling and blasting method must be considered. Based on the blasting vibration absorber technology research project for housing of Xiamen airport highway in WanShi Mountains tunnel exit near to Xundingsi Roadway, the effects of blasting vibration and its control technology of tunnel adjacent construction was studied.This paper described the theories of rock blasting damage mechanism, evaluated their applicability, and clarified the mechanism, types and characteristics of blasting seismic wave.Based on the practical situation of rock blasting and excavation tests, it measured blasting vibration attenuation law and analyzed the actual measured vertical blasting vibration speed and horizontal vibration speed and its frequency, then adjust the blasting design parameters accordingly, in order to determine suitable blasting parameters ultimately to ensure that the new tunnel construction progress and the existing structure safe. Finally, based on the field tests, the blasting vibration control technology was systematically described, using the interference blasting vibration control technology to research and construction, more satisfactory results achieved, blasting vibration of the speed was controlled under 1.5cm/s. It was proved that the use of interference blasting methods and the scene and reduced vibration comprehensive measures, together with the use of high accuracy blasting detonators, blasting seismic intensity can be effectively controlled. At the same time, the result that the best extension of time of interference bursting should not be low half of rock vibration period T was draw through experiments, that isΔt≥T/2. These results are expected to be applied and developed in similar projects to in future.更多还原