城市消防规划关键技术研究

【作者】 龚啸；

【导师】 徐志胜；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 防灾减灾工程及防护工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 安全防灾是人们对现代城市环境的基本要求，世界上许多国家都认识到城市消防规划建设的必要性，并将其列为城市规划建设和城市防灾救灾工作的一项重要内容。而由于种种原因，我国消防事业的发展严重滞后于经济和社会的发展。因此，结合我国实际情况，对城市消防规划技术进行研究，切实提高城市抗御火灾的能力，为国家制定消防规划的行政法规和技术标准提供依据，是十分必要的。本文针对消防站布局、城市室外消防给水和城市灭火力量等消防规划关键技术进行了研究，主要包括以下几个方面的工作：1．结合城市规划原理和消防规划管理要求，基于城市人口规模对城市消防力量的预测进行了探讨；采用成本效益分析方法对城市灭火救援力量的成本和效益进行了定量衡量。2．分析了天然水源用于室外消防的水质、水量、取水方面的要求与技术保障措施；通过理论计算和横向参考，给出了城市室外消防给水系统中消防给水管道管径和压力、市政消防栓的保护半径和布置间距的建议值。3．根据消防车供水能力，通过计算火场供水所需消防车数量，提出了如何选择接力供水和运水供水的方法；依据灭火对象的燃烧面积和燃烧周长，对火场供水力量进行了估算。4．分析了我国消防站布局的基本要求；运用运筹学、图论等理论提出了单个消防站的选址模型；依据我国消防站分类的特点，采用极小和准则和最大覆盖准则提出了两阶段的多个消防站选址模型；综合考虑消防站选址定性、定量因素的特点，应用多目标模糊优选理论，提出了消防站选址多目标模糊优选模型。更多还原

【Abstract】 The safety is fundamental demand for people to modern urban environment.A lot of countries in the world realize the necessity of plan for fire protection, and make the plan for fire protection as a important component part of urban planning and urban disaster reduction.But because of a variety of reasons, the development of our country fire-control cause is gravely later than economic and social development. Therefore, in order to improve the ability of cities in defending against fire risk, it is very necessary to research the design technology of plan for fire protection, which will provide basis for the constitution of administrative regulations and technical standards.The study for the fire water supply, fire station, fire protection strength and other aspects is fulfilled in this paper, the main content is showed as the follows:1．Combined with the theory of urban planning and the demand of management for fire protection, based on urban population scale, the city fire protection strength is forecasted; On the basis of methods of cost-benefit analysis, the cost and benefit of fire protection strength is measured2．The water quality, water quantity and water intake of natural water body is analyzed, which is used for outdoor fire fighting; By theoretical calculation and transverse reference, technical parameters which include pipe diameter and pressure of fire water supply pipes、protecting radius and space between of the municipal hydrant are put forward.3．According to the capability of fire engine, by counting the quantity of fire engine for water supply, a method how to choose the mode of water supply is put forward; According to the burning area and burning perimeter of burning object, the strength supplying water is estimated.4．The requirement of fire station location is analyzed; On the basis of theory of Operations Research and Graph theory, a method of network’s center for one fire station is presented; According to characteristic of fire station, based on maximal covering criterion and minimum sum criterion, a two-stages model of hierarchical location for many fire station is presented; Based on the analysis of qualitative and quantitative indicators, using the multi-objective system fuzzy optimization theory, model for fire station location is put forward.更多还原