铁路轨道参数检测及其数据处理技术研究

【作者】 娄继冰；

【导师】 孙克辉；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 物理电子学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 由于我国铁路运输向高速、重载方向发展，必然对轨道结构提出更高的要求，因此加强对轨道参数的检测和养护，对铁路现代化建设有着深远的意义。本文运用计算机技术和智能仪器的设计思想，研究开发了一种便携式、高精度的智能轨道参数检测系统。在分析检测系统原理和设计系统硬件电路的基础上。采用分段校准和模式搜索相结合的方法对涡流传感器的工作直线进行拟合，将该传感器的测量线性度从1％提高到0.1％，该方法可以让中等精度的涡流传感器进行高精度的测量，大大降低了系统的设计成本。通过设计数据预处理算法，消除了钢轨焊缝、错牙和侧磨对检测数据精度的影响。为了推算一定弦长的轨向和高低不平顺值，建立了叠加法、总偏角和坐标旋转三种数学模型，并从检测精度和应用背景两方面对模型进行了比较。根据轨道线性变化规律，建立了轨向和高低理论值的计算数学模型，推导出了轨道各点不平顺偏差值的计算公式。在捣固车的拨道应用方面，提出了利用检测系统偏差值修正其残留偏差的方法。在线路评估中，为了利用轨道不平顺检测数据，分析了利用功率谱密度描述轨道不平顺统计特性的线路质量评估方法，采用改进的周期图估计法对检测系统的不平顺数据样本进行了功率谱分析，由谱图可以直观地看出轨道不平顺幅值和波长的分布规律。利用串口通信技术、多线程程序设计技术以及COM技术，开发了检测系统的数据分析处理软件，解决了数据读取速度慢和屏幕闪烁等关键问题。试验结果表明该系统测量精度高、重复性好，完全可以满足现场测量要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of Chinese high-speed and heavy-haulrailway transportation, the track structure is more important. Reinforcingtrack parameter detection has far-reaching significance to themodernization of railway construction. In this paper, based on computertechnologies and design principle of intelligent instruments, a portableintelligent track parameter detection system with high precision isdesigned.Based on the analysis of system principle and the design of thehardware circuits, the pattern search method combined with the segmentcalibration is applied to fit a working line for a backset sensor, whichimproves sensor non-linearity from 1％to 0.1％. Therefore, ahigh-accuracy measurement is carried out with medium precision sensors,which can reduce greatly the cost of system design. By the datapreprocessing algorithms, the effects of railway welding line, staggerteeth and abrasion to detection precision can be eliminated.To calculate a certain chord of track smooth and rough value, thesuperposition, total angle rotation and coordinate rotation mathematicalmodels are set up, and the models are compared from the aspects ofdetection precision and the application background. Based on the law oftrack linear variety, the mathematical model of the railway theoreticalvalue is established, and the formula of the track deviation value isderived. In the application of the tamp vehicle track-dialing, the approachof using system deviation to amend its rudimental warp is presented.In the track evaluation, in order to utlize the detection data, theapproach based on the power spectral density in the track evaluation isanalyzed. The detection system irregularity data sample is analyzed withthe improved cycle map estimation. From the power spectrum figure, thedistribution rule of the track irregularity amplitude and wavelength areclearly found out. With serial communication technologies, multithread programmingtechniques and COM technologies, the data processing software of thedetection system is developed. Some key problems are solved, such as thedata-read slow and screen flickered. The experiments results show thatthe system has many features, including high precision, goodrepeatability, and it can satisfy the requirements on the spot.更多还原