【作者】 颜研生；

【导师】 莫其逊；

【作者基本信息】 广西师范大学 ， 文艺学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 皮埃尔·马舍雷是当代法国著名的马克思主义美学家、批评家,有“当代最敢于挑战并具有真正创新精神的马克思主义批评家”(伊格尔顿)之称,通常还被认为是早期后结构主义发展的代表人物之一。马舍雷首次将意识形态引入文学生产,创立富有特色的文学生产理论。本文选取马舍雷的《文学生产理论》作个案研究,梳理和阐发马舍雷文学生产理论的独特内涵,探讨其理论所具有的后结构主义思想,论述马舍雷文学生产理论对伊格尔顿文学生产理论的启示,初步研究马克思主义美学与后结构主义思想的内在关联,指出马舍雷文学生产理论对当代中国文艺理论建设的借鉴意义。论文引言部分论述了马舍雷的身份问题,通过对马舍雷身份的定位为本文提供一个较为宏阔的学术背景,指明马舍雷的身份立场与其理论特质之间的联系。从理论形成来看,马舍雷的文学生产理论主要吸收和扬弃马克思、布莱希特、本雅明等马克思主义文学艺术生产思想,并创造性地借鉴精神分析学说思想来探讨文学生产与意识形态的复杂关系。论文以“生产”为切入点,从“虚构-离心-阅读”三个生产层面勾勒马舍雷文学生产理论的内涵:作家对意识形态材料的生产、文本意识形态的内在生产、批评家对文本意识形态的生产。在马舍雷看来,文学是对意识形态的生产,意识形态性是文艺的本性。“沉默”是文学意识形态的存在形态,而文本意识形态的内在生产形成文本“离心”的结构,“离心”是文学文本、意识形态、历史现实三者分歧的“症候”。通过对文本的“症候阅读”,科学的文学批评能够发掘生产出文本中意味深长的“沉默”,揭示文本意识形态的偏见。通过对《神秘岛》的“症候阅读”,马舍雷指出文本的意义已逃离作家的本意,作家不能完全驾驭文本,这是一种“我思我不在”。作者至高无上的中心地位已经被消解,作者是不在场的,在某种意义上说,马舍雷已经隐含地提出罗兰·巴特意义上的“作者之死”。文本为了言说某些事情,而言说其他不必言说的东西,致使文本阐释具有多义性。因此,文学批评不是对文学作品的潜在意义或被掩藏的真理的发现或重构,而是一种“生产”。马舍雷的文学生产理论具有后结构主义气息,奠定了早期后结构主义发展的理论基调,《文学生产理论》是“一部关于解构主义的成熟之作”(伊格尔顿)。马舍雷不遗余力地解构式生产文本意识形态,赋予文本意识形态的“中心政治”,德里达通过解构形而上学,树立文本的“边缘政治”,两者解构的策略和目标不同,彰显了马舍雷作为马克思主义美学家的理论特色。马舍雷的文学生产理论注重文学的意识形态性,忽视文学的审美属性和文学生产的物质性。伊格尔顿吸收雷蒙·威廉斯的“文化唯物主义”思想,在物质层面论述文学生产,形成较为全面的文学生产理论。从卢卡契、戈德曼到阿尔都塞,他们都强调结构的整体性或同一性,认为文本存在一个中心的结构。马舍雷摒弃这一结构观,从文本意识形态的内在生产出发指出,文本结构是“离心”的,这无疑深化对文本结构的认识,在一定程度上超越和发展了马克思主义文艺理论的结构观。马舍雷对文学性质、存在形态和批评接受的论述都是围绕意识形态展开,意识形态在其理论体系中占主导地位,意识形态性是文艺的本性。马舍雷的文学生产理论能够加深我们对文学意识形态性的理解,将文艺的意识形态性确立为文艺本性,进而以文学意识形态论为核心概念建构当代中国马克思主义文艺理论体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pierre Macherey is a contemporary famous Marxist aesthetician and critic in France. Eagleton says“he is the most truly defiant and innovative spirit Marxist critics.”Sometimes, Pierre Macherey has been considered as one representative of the early post-structuralism theoreticians. Macherey first introduce ideology to the course of literary production, and establish an idiographic theory of literary production. This thesis is to interpret the connotation of literary production and the meaning of post-structuralism. At last, we indicate that the theory of literary production can bring helpful inspire to construct China’s contemporary literature theory.In foreword, this thesis demonstrates the learned identity of Pierre Macherey and analyses the relationship between learned identity and academic particularity. Macherey draws upon other theoretician’s literary production such as Marx, Brecht, Benjamin. At the same time , he also absorbs Psychoanalysis of Freud and Lacan ,and make use of it to interpret the relationship between ideology and literary production. The connotation of literary production includes ideological material production of the authors, the inherent ideological production of the text and the textual ideological production of the critics. Macherey draws upon the concept of a‘symptomatic’reading which enables us to identify the gaps and silences, contradictions and absences, which deform the text and reveal the repressed presence of those ideological materials which are transformed in the labour of literary production. Macherey reveals in the longest section of the book how such a gap affects the fiction of Jules Verne. What The Mysterious Island‘itself is saying’resounds with modernity, imperialism, and humanism. If ideology is denaturalised– if it can be shown to denaturalise itself– its aim cannot be true, its work cannot be done. Jules Verne wants to write as a colonialist, but fails in the very act of writing. For Macherey, meanings ceaselessly escape the control of the writer, and in this respect A Theory of Literary Production was issuing a warrant for the“Death of the Author”two years before Roland Barthes wrote his famous essay on the subject. Macherey’s theory brings affects to the earl development of post-structuralism, so he is considered as one of post-structuralism.Macherey spares no effort to deconstruct the ideology in text, to establish a ideological critic, which is different from Derrida’s deconstruction. Reading is a form of production; it produces meanings. Ideological theory is the core of Marxist theory of literature and art. Ideology is the corn of Macherey’s theory of literary production .Therefore, Macherey’s theory can help us to construct China’s Marxist theory of literature and art.更多还原