【作者】 刘涛；

【导师】 魏先勋； 翟云波；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 环境工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以城市污水生物法处理产生的剩余污泥为原料，针对传统污泥资源化利用过程中的缺点与弊端，采用化学药剂浸渍的方法来制取了一种多孔炭质催化剂，催化剂的制备方法在两种方法中进行优化选择：一是浸渍-高温热解的方法；二是热解-浸渍-煅烧的方法。负载的活性组分也有两种选择：一是硝酸铁；二是硝酸铜。然后通过催化活性评价和特征分析对比的手段对其制备方法及负载金属硝酸盐类型进行了优化选择，并就制备过程中的相关问题进行了研究。在选定制备方法一和负载硝酸铁后，将方法一制得的负载硝酸铁的催化剂应用到有害气体NO_x的处理中，利用正交实验和单因素实验对影响催化剂效果的因素进行了选择性研究，包括n(Zn²⁺)／n(Fe³⁺)、热解温度、反应温度及反应过程中氧气的浓度。证明了n(Zn²⁺)／n(Fe³⁺)为1：0.5、热解温度750℃、反应温度400℃及氧气浓度15％是催化剂的最佳制备和反应条件，此条件下的最大NO_x转化率可达98.3％。然后对催化剂进行了特征分析，主要包括粒度分析、BET表面积分析、扫描电镜、傅立叶变换红外光谱分析、X射线衍射分析等。粒度分析结果显示，催化剂的颗粒细小均匀，有利于与反应气体的接触；BET分析结果显示催化剂具有较大的比表面积，最大可达307.0 m²·g^-1，说明催化剂具有良好的吸附性能，满足固体负载型催化剂的一个基本条件；通过扫描电镜对催化剂的微观表面结构分析得知，催化剂具有良好的孔结构，孔分布比较均匀，且表面有活性粒子的散射，表明催化剂的表面负载了一定量的活性组分；催化剂的傅立叶变换红外光谱图分析结果显示，催化剂表面具有丰富的含氧官能团，它们的存在有利于提高催化剂的催化活性；催化剂的X射线衍射分析结果表明，催化剂具有良好的晶体结构和丰富的氧化物。这些都表明该催化剂具有优良催化剂的基本条件。最后对催化剂进行了应用分析及前景展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 The residual sewage sludge produced through biologic method treatment domestic sewage is taken as raw material, based on the disadvantages of all kinds of traditional sewage sludge treatment. The chemical activation method is applied to paralysis sewage sludge to obtain porous carbonaceous catalysts. At first, the production method of the catalysts has two choices. The first method included impregnation, pyrolysis, and the second included pyrolysis, impregnation and calcinations. The active matter laden also has two choices. One is ferric nitrate, the other is copper nitrate. The production method and active matter laden were selected by catalytic activity evaluation and character analysis, and the concerned conditions are worked out during the production. The carbonaceous catalysts laden ferric nitrate produced in the first method were applied to the nitrogen oxide treatment process. The catalytic capability of the catalysts varied according to many factors. This experiment examined some factors included Zn:Fe molar ratio, pyrolysis temperature, reaction temperature and oxygen concentration by orthogonal experiments and single factor experiments. The experiment result showed that the maximal NO_X conversion of 98.3% was obtained under the following condition: Zn:Fe molar ratio of 1:0.5, pyrolysis temperature was 750℃, reaction temperature was 400℃, and oxygen concentration of 15%. After selecting the best production conditions and the best reaction conditions, the experiment further examined the catalytic activity, self-reduction and catalytic life of the catalyst under the optimal conditions. The results exhibited the catalyst still keep favorable catalytic capability, and it had definite reductive capability, the catalytic life can be accepted. Then the characteristic analysis on the catalyst are carried out, include granularity analysis, BET analysis, SEM analysis, FT-IR analysis, X-ray analysis. These analyses indicates the catalyst have predominant conditions. The granularity analysis indicates the catalysts’ granules are thin and well-proportioned, and propitious to touch with reaction gas. The BET analysis indicates the catalysts have biggish BET area and maximal area is 307.0 m²·g^-1. This characteristic indicates the catalysts have well adsorption capability. The SEM analysis indicates the catalysts have well microcosmic structure, in other words, the hole structure of catalysts is well. In addition, lots of active particles are scattered on the catalysts’ surface. The FT-IR analysis indicates lots of oxygenous functions are distributed on the catalysts’ surface; these are propitious to improve activation of catalysts. The X-ray analysis indicates catalysts have well crystal structure and abundant oxides. At last, the catalyst’s application and foreground are analysised.更多还原