【作者】 欧阳慧娟；

【导师】 胡遂；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 寒山是我国唐代对后世影响极为深远,但在传统文学中的地位却比较低下的一位诗人。关于寒山生活的时代,大体有两种说法:一是初唐贞观说,一是盛中唐说。从寒山诗歌中所表现的禅学思想及其诗歌格律来说,后一种说法更为合理。现存各种版本的寒山诗歌前均有一篇署名为闾丘胤的《寒山子诗集序》。此序已被余嘉锡等学者证伪,但它与其他佛教文献所共同塑造的寒山形象却在后世佛门、文人及普通民众中发生了持续千年的形象力,不得不令人正视之。从思想上看,寒山亦佛,亦儒,亦道。其思想呈现出以佛禅思想为主,兼融儒道两家精神的面貌。分而言之,佛禅精神兼容道家思想表现在,其诗歌庄禅结合,走向了个体生命的超越;而佛禅精神兼容儒家思想则表现在,寒山以出世之人写入世之诗,其诗歌在佛家面目下隐藏了儒家的淑世之心。从美学境界上看,寒山诗歌在“高远空灵”的背后有着“幽寂悲凉”的感伤。之所以如此,是寒山坎坷的人生际遇造成其凄清苍凉的心境,加之其对美好事物非永恒性的感受,以及佛教苦空思想影响的结果。从寒山诗歌与前代其他诗歌的比较上看,寒山诗歌中所表现的爱恋之思与无常之叹,与《古诗十九首》十分相似;其诗歌中的宗教主题与表现方式直接导源于东晋玄言诗,其诗从山水自然中得禅悟,与玄言诗中的“山水以形媚道”的表现方式极其相似;而寒山诗歌中对隐逸生活的描写,对人生无常盛年难再的感叹,对生死问题的关注,以及诗歌第一人称的叙述方式,都可以见出其诗与陶诗之间的联系。而寒山诗歌与《古诗十九首》、玄言诗及陶渊明诗歌在精神上的共同之处就是四者均以人生为归宿。寒山诗歌因其宗教性、哲理性、通俗性与美学性,在我国后世的佛门与文人中均产生了广泛的影响,并跨越国界,流传至日本、韩国及欧美。更多还原

【Abstract】 Han Shan, who was a Chinese poet in Tang Dynasty, had a profound impaction onthe later poets,but his Status has been relatively low in the Chinese classic literature.About Han Shan’s living time, there are two versions generally: One is Zhenguanera (627-649) at the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, the other is from Glorious age ofTang Dynasty to Mid-Tang Dynasty. Due to the Zen ideology and the poetry rules inthe poetry of Han Shan, the latter view is more reasonable.Each kind of the extant editions of Han Shan’s poetry has a preface called‘theForeword of Han Shan Poetry Anthology’signed by Lv Qiuyin. This preface has beenattested to be a falsification by scholars, but the Han Shan’s image which was moldedby the preface, and with Buddhism literatures, has continuously affected to theBuddhists, the literati and the ordinary populace in the later generation for about onethousand years. We have to face it.From his ideology, Han Shan was a Buddhist, Confucian and Taoist. Theappearance of his thought presented that it was composed by the Buddhist ideologyprimarily, and the less important Confucianism and Taoism melted into. In detail, theBuddhist thought merging with Taoism was expressed that the poetry melting Taoismand Zen for extricating individual life. The Buddhism blending with Confucian showedHan Shan, a holy hermit, wrote some poems to interfere with the mundane world, andhis Confucian heart to intervene with the world was hidden under his Buddhistappearance in his poetry.Looked from esthetics, Han Shan poetry has the secluded, lonely and desolatesadness on the back side of superlative, natural and spacious mood. It, the chilly cleardesolate mood because of the bumpy life encountering, together with the feeling ofnon-permanence of beautiful things, and also the Buddhism theory influence, was thecauses of the sadness.Compared with the previous poetry, Han Shan’s poetry is extremely similar with‘19 Ancient Poems’on the aspect of the love feeling and the sighing about the affairimpermanence. The subject and method to presenting of the religion of Han Shan’spoetry is derived directly from the Poetry of the Abstruse-doctrine in the East JinDynasty. It is alike to the method to realizing Zen from the scenery nature in Han ShanPoetry, together with the expression method of‘the scenery indicating philosophy’inthe Poetry of the Abstruse-doctrine. Han Shan’s poetry is related with Tao YuanmingPoetry in the respects of the description on hermit life, together with the signing about life impermanence and young adulthood passing, and concerning with the matter of lifeand death, the narration of first person as well. Han Shan’s poetry, just like the 19Ancient Poems, the Abstruse Doctrine Poetry and Tao Yuanming Poetry, they take thelife as the goal. This is their common spirit.Because of its religion, philosophy, aesthetics and easy-reading Han Shan’s poetryhas had the widespread influence among the Buddhism and the scholar in latergeneration of our country, and it strode across the national boundary and spread toJapan, Korea, Europe and America.更多还原