【作者】 赵闯；

【导师】 祁立刚；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 发展与教育心理学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 尊重是个复杂的概念,主要在社会学、伦理学和心理学领域被讨论,讨论层面分为认知、情感和行为[1]。本研究中的尊重观念是对尊重认知层面的研究。以194名初二和高二学生为被试,采用华中师大周宗奎教授等人编制的“尊重的开放式问卷”,考察不同人际背景下尊重观念各水平上的人数分布。同时采用友谊质量问卷和友伴提名问卷,调查被试的互选友伴数量和友谊质量在积极、消极、总分三个维度上的得分。主要用卡方检验的方法,考察中学生尊重观念的发展特征及友谊关系对双向尊重的影响。结果表明:1从尊重对象上看:现代初中生和高中生的尊重对象不局限于长辈,而是被社会所称许的具有个体价值的任何社会成员。2初中生和高中生在一般人际背景下,尊重认知存在年级差异:初中生主要是单向认知,多数初中生认为“尊重别人”就是——对人有礼貌,属他律阶段;高中生主要是双向认知,多数高中生认为“尊重别人”就是——尊重别人的观点和感受,属自律阶段。可见多数高中生认识到“尊重”与“个人感”①的关系。3初中生和高中生对父母和教师的尊重主要都是单向尊重,对同伴的尊重主要都是双向尊重。4在对同伴尊重背景下,双向尊重观念在年级和性别上都不存在差异。5在双向尊重观念中,拥有人际互惠原则的个体其互选友伴数量更多,在友谊质量问卷中获得的积极维度分数也越高.说明同伴互动更可能促进个体内化相互尊重观念;拥有人际互惠原则可以预测个体具有更多的同伴,和较高的友谊质量。更多还原

【Abstract】 The respect is a complex concept, which is discussed in sociology, ethics and the psychology domain. The discussion stratification plane divides into the cognition, the emotion and the behavior. The respect concept is a research to cognition layer.The objects are194 middle school students. The measuring tool used is the open questionnaire referred to respect concept made by Professor Zhou Zongkui in southwest normal university, which investigates respect concept and respect cause under different interpersonal relation and reflects individuals’orientation in adjusting interpersonal relation. Meanwhile, the study adopts questionnaire about friendship quality and companion nomination, which investigates the companion relationship. The result shows:1 The middle school students’object in modern society has changed a lot comparing to that of traditional society. They don’t think only the eldership should be respected but the compeer also should be respected.2 The junior high school students respect others mainly under the consideration that they wouldn’t like to infringe upon the other people’s benefit and they wouldn’t like to hurt the other people’s emotion. While the senior high school students think that respect others means they threat the others as independent individual.3 The respect which the youths show to their parents and teachers is totallydifferent from that they show to their companions. The respect to parents and teachers mainly belongs to unilateral respect, But the respect among companions is called mutual respect .4 Individual’s mutual respect concept has no difference between grades and genders.5 The individuals who have mutual respect concept have more companions and got higher scores in positive questions in the friendship quality questionnaire. That means the intercommunication among companions may stimulate individuals to accept mutual respect concept as a relation criterion. Meanwhile, the individuals may have more companions and have higher friendship quality.更多还原