【作者】 张春峰；

【导师】 于敏；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 无机化学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 半导体纳米晶(又称为量子点)由于具有独特的量子尺寸限域、量子遂穿、库仑阻塞等物理效应,因而在光电仪器,例如激光、发光二级管、非线性光学材料以及生物荧光标记等方面具有广阔的应用前景,半导体纳米材料/器件是目前业界研发的热点之一。CdSe是II-VI族半导体中研究最多的材料之一,由于其发射波长随纳米晶的尺寸而改变,其发射波长可以覆盖从绿到红的很大光谱范围,因此CdSe纳米晶可以应用在生物标记和荧光显示等领域。CdSe纳米晶的制备方法有很多,但如何利用一种比较简单的方法制备粒径不同的纳米晶,使其具有不同的发射波长一直是化学工作者努力的方向。据报道,美国贝尔实验室已经通过控制CdSe纳米晶的尺寸,得到可在红、绿、蓝光之间变化的可调协发光二极管,实现了量子效应原理性器件的初步研制。随着研究的不断深入,CdSe纳米晶制备方法不断完善,可以很好地控制纳米晶的粒径,粒径的分布以及形状,除了最初的纳米颗粒外,还出现了纳米线、纳米棒、纳米带、纳米锯、纳米管、纳米核壳型双壳层体及各种形状的纳米晶,并以此为基本单元在一维、二维和三维空间组装成具有一定结构的纳米体系。本论文首先简述纳米材料的现状和应用前景以及纳米材料的表征,然后重点介绍近年来CdSe纳米晶制备技术,其中包括:金属有机前驱法、水相合成法、水热、溶剂热技术以及核壳半导体纳米粒子技术,并分析这些技术各自的优缺点,为CdSe的进一步研究提供理论基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots) are currently an active subject of research in nanoscience and nanotechnology, not only because of their novel nanoscal properties such as quantum size confinement, quantum tunneling, and coulomb blockade, but also because of their technological applications in electronic and photonic devices(lasing, light-emitting diodes, and nonlinear optics), as well as biological labels and tagging agents. Particularly, CdSe has often been investigated among the II-VI semiconductor nanocrystals due to its unique size-dependent fluorescence tunable across the visible spectrum, it is possible to synthesize differently sized CdSe nanocrystals that emit from blue to red with very pure color. CdSe semiconductor nanocrystals exhibit great potential as a new type of labeling material for biological research, as well as the most promising semiconductor nanocrystals used in biological labeling. Lots of methods of synthesizing it have been developed, but how to synthesize differently sized CdSe nanocrystals that emit from blue to red with very pure color is pulling off. It is reported that according to the principle of quantum effect, tunable light-emitting dioides have been made by American Bell Laboratory, changing amomg blue, green and red through tuning the particle size of CdSe semiconductor nanocrystals. With intensive investigations, a series of synthetic modifications have been introduced in order to have better control of size , size distribution and shape( i.e nanowires, nanodots, nanorods, nanobelts , nanosaws, nanotubes, teardrops, core-shell etc)that greatly expanded the architectural flexibility of CdSe NCs. Using it as a basic unit, assemble nanomaterial with special structure in one-dimension, two-dimensions, or three-dimensions.In this thesis we report on progresses of nanoscience and nanotechnology, as well as character of nanomaterials briefly. Mainly introduce the synthesis methods of the CdSe nanocrystals such as the organometallic precursor route, aqueous route, hydrothermal route, solvothermal route etc. Meanwhile analyse the merits and demerits of these methods, provide theoretical foundation for researching on CdSe semiconductor nanocrystals further.更多还原