【作者】 梁闪闪；

【导师】 夏先春； 何中虎；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业科学院 ， 作物遗传育种， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 小麦白粉病和条锈病是影响小麦生产的重要病害，培育抗病品种是防治白粉病和条锈病的重要举措。研究小麦慢白粉和慢条锈抗性遗传，发掘其抗病QTL及紧密连锁的分子标记，有助于加快慢病品种的选育、提高抗病育种的效率。本研究利用432个SSR、RFLP和STS等标记分析来自日本小麦品种Fukuho-Komugi和以色列小麦品种Oligoculm杂交的107个DH株系。2003-04和2004-05年分别在北京中国农科院和河南安阳中国农科院棉花所试验地进行白粉病抗性鉴定，安阳试验点秋播，北京点春播，试验采用随机区组设计，设置三次重复。北京点用强毒性小种E20进行人工接种，安阳点自然发病。北京点接种后4周开始调查倒二叶的病情严重度（白粉菌孢子堆面积占整个倒二叶面积的百分数），每隔一周调查一次，一共调查四次；安阳点只在五月中旬发病高峰调查一次。结果表明，白粉病最大严重度（maximum disease severity，MDS）在两年两点的遗传力在0.82到0.93之间，AUDPC（area under the disease progress curve）的广义遗传力在0.84到0.91之间；用MDS和AUDPC两个参数，采用复合区间作图法发现4个白粉病的成株抗性QTL，分别位于1AS、2BL、4BL和7DS上，可解释表型变异的5.7％到26.6％。其中位于1AS上的QTL最稳定，且具有最大的遗传效应，在两种环境条件下分别解释表型变异的19.5％-26.6％。在北京点MDS和AUDPC的相关系数达到0.90。百农64／京双16的DH群体104个系，于2005-06年秋季播种于北京中国农科院和河南安阳中国农科院棉花所试验地，试验采用随机区组设计，三次重复。北京点用强毒性小种E20人工接种，安阳点自然发病。北京点接种后4周开始调查倒二叶的病情严重度，每隔一周调查一次，一共调查四次；安阳点只在五月中旬发病高峰期调查一次。北京点的MDS的广义遗传力为0.9，安阳点的MDS广义遗传力为0.69。北京点的AUDPC与北京点的MDS相关系数为0.79，与安阳点的MDS之间的相关系数为0.68，北京点MDS与安阳点的MDS相关系数为0.54。根据先前该群体F_2∶3家系的初步研究结果，选取2B、7A等染色体上的23个SSR标记对DH群体进行分析。T测验结果表明，gwm282（7A）、gwm332.1（7A）、gwm570（6A／6B）和J116的两种基因型的相应表型值差异极显著，说明该群体的慢白粉抗性基因可能与上述标记连锁。Strampelli／辉县红的F_2∶3家系，于2004-05和2005-06年度在甘肃天水进行田间抗条锈病鉴定。试验采用随机区组设计，设置三次重复。天水试验点自然发病良好，每年从5月25开始调查，每隔一周调查一次，一共调查三次。结果表明，Strampelli／辉县红F_2∶3家系05年MDS的广义遗传力为0.89，06年MDS广义遗传力为0.87；05年与06年两年平均AUDPC与MDS之间的相关系数是0.95。平原50／铭贤169的F_2∶3家系和DH群体，2005-06年在甘肃天水进行田间抗条锈病鉴定，试验采用随机区组设计，三次重复。天水点自然发病良好，自5月底开始第一次调查，每隔一周调查一次，一共调查三次。结果表明，F_2∶3家系MDS的广义遗传力为0.71，DH群体MDS的广义遗传力为0.87；F_2∶3家系AUDPC与MDS之间的相关系数为0.87；DH群体的AUDPC与MDS之间的相关系数为0．89。更多还原

【Abstract】 Powdery mildew and stripe rust, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici and Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tirtici, respectively, are the most damaging diseases in common wheat （Triticum aestivum L）. Utilization of resistant cultivars is an effective way to control the disease. Identification of powdery mildew and stripe rust resistance genes is essential for breeding resistant wheat cultivars.This study included quantitative trait loci mapping for adult-plant resistance to powdery mildew and analysis of slow stripe rust resistance in common wheat.In the present study, a total of 432 molecular markers were used to map QTL for adult-plant resistance （APR） to powdery mildew in a doubled haploid （DH） population with 107 lines derived from the cross Fukuho-komugi/Oligoculm. Field trials were conducted in Beijing and Anyang during 2003-04 and 2004-05 cropping seasons, respectively. The DH lines were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Artificial inoculationwas carried out in Beijing with highly virulent isolate E20 of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici and the powdery mildew severity on penultimate leaf was evaluated for four times. The maximum disease severity （MDS） on penultimate leaf was investigated in Anyang under natural inoculation around May 18, 2004 and 2005. With the method of composite interval mapping （CIM）, four quantitative trait loci （QTL） for APR to powdery mildew were detected on chromosomes 1AS, 2BL, 4BL, and 7DS, explaining 5.1%-26.6% of phenotypic variance. The QTL on chromosome 1AS showed high geneti fect on powdery mildew resistance, accounting for 19.5%-26.6% of phenotypic variance across two environments. The heritability of resistance to powdery mildew for maximum disease severity （MDS） in two years and two locations ranged from 0.82 to 0.93, while the heritability for AUDPC was between 0.84 and 0.91.The double haploid （DH） population with 104 lines derived from the cross Bainong64/Jingshuang16 was planted during 2005-06 cropping season in Beijing and Anyang, respectively. The experiment design was in a randomized complete block with three replictes. Artificial inoculation was carried out in Beijing with highly virulent isolate E20 of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici and the powdery mildew severity on penultimate leaf was evaluated for the first time 4 weeks after inoculation and then at a weekly interval, with a total of four scorings. The maximum disease severity （MDS） on penultimate leaf was investigated in Anyang under natural inoculation around May 18, 2006. The broad sense heritability of resistance to powdery mildew for maximum disease severity （MDS） in Beijing was 0.9, while that in Anyang was 0.69. The correlation coefficient was 0.79 between the AUDPC and MDS in Beijing, 0.68 between AUDPC in Beijing and MDS in Anyang, and 0.54 between MDS in Beijing and Anyang. Based on the previous mappi esults with the F_2:3 lines from the same cross, we selected 23 markers on chromosome 2B、7A and so on to genotype the DH population. The results of T-test indicated that the markers gwm282 （7A）, gwm332.1 （7A） , gwm570 （6A/6B） and J116 were related to the phynotpic variance significantly, indicating the QTL for slow powdery mildew was likely to be linked with these markers.F_2:3 lines from the cross Strampelli/Huixianhong were planted in Tianshui, Gansu Province during the 2004-05 and 2005-06 cropping seasons in a randomized complete block with three replicates. Every year the stripe rust severity of the population was evaluated under natural disease pressure on May 25 for the first time, and scored for three times in total at a weekly interval. The results indicated that the broad sense heritability of the MDS in 2005 was 0.89, while that in 2006 was 0.87; the correlation coefficient between the average AUDPC and MDS of two years was 0.95.The F_2:3 and DH lines from the cross Pingyuan50/Mingxian169 were planted in the Tianshui, Gansu Province during 2005-06 cropping season. The field trial was conducted in a randomized complete block with three replicites. The stripe rust severity was evaluated under natural disease pressure from late May on, and scored for three times totally at a weekly interval. The results showed that the broad sense heritability of the MDS of the F_2:3 lines was 0.71, while that of the DH population was 0.87; the correlation coefficient was 0.87 between AUDPC and MDS in the F_2:3 lines, and 0.89 between AUDPC and MDS in the DH population.更多还原