【作者】 王芳；

【导师】 芦建国；

【作者基本信息】 南京林业大学 ， 园林植物与观赏园艺， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 中山陵园不仅是自然赋予南京得天独厚的自然资源,而且也是人类留给南京的文化历史遗产和雄伟独特的人文景观。而陵园中的绿色植物更是中山陵不可或缺的重要组成部分,它不仅对维护和改善城市生态环境起着关键作用,同时由其构成的景观效果也成为中山陵的重要特色之一,是陵园植物造景的典范之作。因此,深入研究中山陵植物造景的特点,挖掘其潜在价值,使之发挥出更大的综合效益,是值得探讨的问题。而以往对中山陵植物研究多集中于对整个景区森林植被、林相变化等方面的研究上,而对具体的植物造景未见相关报道。首先,文献阅读是进行研究的基础,对中山陵风景名胜区的多次实地调查是前期准备。本文以中山陵风景名胜区内主要景区为研究对象,分别对中山陵主轴线、音乐台、孙中山纪念馆和灵谷寺中轴线上的植物造景进行研究。通过对四个景区内植物造景现状的调查与实测,运用植物群落生态学、园林美学等方法,逐一对其植物配置现状进行群落学特征调查分析和美学评价。进而总结出中山陵园风景区植物造景的特点;分析四个景区常绿、落叶树种的种类和数量关系以及乔灌木比例;并通过对规则式和自然式不同造景手法中乔木种类重要值的计算和排序,得出:规则式植物造景中的植物材料在选择上偏重于常绿成分,多集中于柏科、松科、蔷薇科和木兰科;自然式植物造景中植物的应用偏重于姿态与色彩,植物材料多集中于蔷薇科、槭树科、金缕梅科、木犀科。然后在对中山陵植物造景现状调查的基础上,运用AHP-模糊综合评价模型对中山陵园林植物景观进行美感度评价,通过排序得出:意境美成为中山陵植物造景最为显著的特征,并最终得出结论,中山陵园林植物景观美感应属于很美。最后通过上述实地调查与分析,总结出纪念性植物造景效果及特色:纪念性景观意境突出;层次、空间效果鲜明;自然与规则的有机结合;注重植物多样性;注重植物的观赏特性,形成色彩分明的四季景观。同时提出优化建议:注重植物的养护管理尤其是对古老珍稀树木的保护、适当增加落叶树种的数量;加强灌木与地被植物的应用。基于对中山陵植物造景的研究,结合实际本文提出了植物造景的五性论,即科学性、艺术性、技术性、经济性和时间性,作为讨论有待深入。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Zhongshan cemetery is not only a landscape territory entrusted with specific nature resource, but also the cultural heritage of Nanjing. As an important part of the city, it presents the unique natural and cultural style of Nanjing and plays a significant role in maintaining and improving the ecological system of the city. However, most existing researches focus on plant’s species and transformation in this area. Few of them are concerned with the plant designing.Based on field investigation and analysis, this paper tends to figure out the general rules and quantitative relations in terms of plant designing of Zhongshan Cemetery. The research takes the main scenic sites of Zhongshan Cemetery as the objects, which is consisted by Zhongshan Cemetery axle wire, Bandstand, Sun Yat-Sen memorial hall and Linggu Tempel, and analyzes the current plant species in the phytosociological and aesthetics context. Through the analysis of species distribution, quantity and diversity in the four scenic sites, the research summarizes the features of plant designing of memorial landscape. The data shows that memorial landscape normally is regular style using evergreen plants such as Cupressaceae、Pinaceae、Rosaceae and Magnoliaceae, while natural style uses species having particular color and shape such as Rosaceae、Aceraceae、Hamamelidaceae、Oleaceae.As for the aesthetic evaluation of the plants, the research applies the AHP-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model to the Zhongshan Cemetery. The result presents that plants in the memorial landscape such as the Zhongshan cemetery are used to strengthen the memorial meaning of the site. In conclusion, the aesthetic grade of Zhongshan Cemetery is classified as fairly beautiful.Finally, according to the analysis, this paper sums up the characteristics of the plants in memorial landscape as strong memorial-oriented aura, clear layered space, regular order, ornamental, various and colorful. The comment author raises in this paper concludes the protection of the local species and the increase of the deciduous, shrubby and creepy species. In summary, the plant design should have the compatibility of the science, art, technique, economy and time.更多还原