冷战后东北亚多边安全的特点及中国外交战略选择

【作者】 侯海生；

【导师】 申文杰；

【作者基本信息】 河北师范大学 ， 国际政治， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 21世纪的东北亚已经成为当今世界的一个热点地区。在这一地区,汇集了中、美、日、俄四大国的利益。各国间的利益相互交错,矛盾冲突频发,使得这一地区的多边安全形势异常复杂。冷战期间东北亚地区是美苏两大国相互斗争的前沿阵地,冷战后东北亚地区在多边安全方面更是形成了自己所独有的特点,包括:传统安全与非传统安全并存;合作安全成为本地区主导的安全模式;双边、多边伙伴关系构建等,这些特点从一定层面上反映并影响着东北亚地区各国的外交政策取向。中国作为东北亚地区中的一员,东北亚地区的安全形势必将会对中国的外交政策产生重大的影响。本文系统的分析了东北亚地区在冷战时期以及冷战后多边安全的特点,并在理论分析的基础上着眼于实际,具体阐述了中国针对东北亚地区多边安全的特点所应采取的战略选择。希望本文可以对中国的外交政策取向提供一些有益的参考。论文共分为三部分。第一部分,冷战期间东北亚多边安全的特点。本文在这一部分详细的阐述了冷战期间东北亚地区多边安全的特点。在冷战时期,北三角与南三角的对抗是东北亚地区基本的战略格局,中美苏大三角关系是东北亚多边安全的主导性因素。北三角与南三角对抗的战略格局是由西方国家对社会主义国家的热战—朝鲜战争所演化过来的,具有强烈的对抗性,表现在政治、军事、意识形态等诸多领域;这种战略格局事关多方利益,具有利益多元性、利益复杂性等特点;这种战略格局总体上从属于两极对抗格局。中美苏大三角关系是东北亚多边安全的主导性因素主要表现在中美苏大三角关系有助于维持东北亚地区的战略平衡,中美苏大三角关系使得东北亚地区战略力量组合发生重大变化两个方面。第二部分,冷战后东北亚地区多边安全的特点。本文在这一部分详细的阐述了冷战后东北亚地区多边安全的特点,包括:合作安全成为东北亚地区占主导地位的安全模式,使得冷战后东北亚地区的多边安全具有鲜明的协作性;美国在东北亚多边安全中扮演着重要角色,使该地区安全具有一定程度的美国参与性;朝鲜核问题成为东北亚地区多边安全的焦点问题,使该地区安全具有敏感性;传统安全与非传统安全并存使得东北亚地区的多边安全具有复杂性;冷战后,东北亚地区建立了许多新的伙伴关系,这种伙伴关系的构建对东北亚地区的多边安全发挥着主要作用,使得东北亚地区的安全具有多边性。第三部分,中国对东北亚地区的外交战略选择。东北亚地区的多边安全特点是影响中国外交政策制定、外交战略选择的一个重要因素。中国要想维护本地区的和平与稳定,发挥中国在东北亚地区积极、健康的作用,就必须实施针对东北亚地区的外交战略。中国的东北亚外交战略选择主要包括:中国坚持灵活、务实、有效的东北亚经济合作战略;中国积极实行维护东北亚地区和平稳定的区域安全战略;中国坚持在东北亚地区奉行独立自主、不结盟战略;中国改善东北亚区域的政治结构,积极推进东北亚地区政治多极化战略;中国积极参加地区安全合作,构建稳定的大国合作战略。更多还原

【Abstract】 The northeast Asia has been a hotspot in the 21th century where four big powers’interests, China, USA, Japan and Russia, converged together. Multilateral secure situation in this region is getting more and more complex because all these interests meet together, which leads to a high frequency of conflicts. As we all know that the northeast Asian region was the front line in the conflicts between the US and the USSR during the Cold War period. However, things changed and the secure situation got its own characters which include the coexistence of traditional and non-traditional security, cooperative security has become the leading secure model in this region and the construction of bilateral and multilateral relations. All these characters are the reflection of the policies taking by countries in this region. Consequently, as a member of these countries China’s foreign policies would be surely affected by the northeast Asian security situation. This paper systematically analyses the multilateral secure characters in this region during the Cold War period as well as the post Cold War period. On the basis of theoretical analysis, it also elaborates what strategic choice should China adopt in the light of northeast multilateral security characters.There are three sections in this paper.The first section mainly focuses on the characters of northeast multilateral security during the Cold War period. The northeast Asian political structure in the Cold War can be divided into two periods which are“North triangle against South Triangle pattern”(the USSR bloc against the U.S bloc) and“the Grand Triangle”(China, USA and the USSR). This paper elaborates the main characters in these two periods and the influence made by such patterns.“The North Triangle against South Triangle pattern”has the characters of strong confrontation, complicated interests involvement and relationship of affiliation. The main influence of the“Grand Triangle pattern”is mainly about maintaining the Northeast Asian region’s strategic balance, and as a result of this, the strategic force got reassembled.The second section mainly focuses on the characters of Northeast Asian multilateral security in the post Cold War period. The main characters can be summarized as: cooperative security has become the leading secure mode in this region, which made the cooperation in a dominate position. And this plays an important role on the secure issues in this region, which made the U.S involvement necessary. The nuclear issue in the Korea peninsula has become a focal point, which put the security in this region somewhat in a high sensitivity. The coexistence of traditional and non-traditional security issues made the security in this region more complex. A new kind of partnership is built up after the Cold War, which plays a main role in the region and makes the security issue more multilateral charactersThe third section is mainly about what strategic choice China should take. The multilateral characters of its security are the main factor which may have an affect on China’s foreign policy and foreign strategy. China has to take a more realistic foreign strategy in the light of the Northeast Asian security situation if China wants to maintain the peace and stability and play an active role. The main foreign choices are: China pursues an active and practical economic strategic cooperation; China strongly maintain the peace and stability of this region; China pursues an independent and nonalignment policy; China strongly promotes multi-polar political strategy by way of rebuilding the political structure in this region; China actively participate in the regional cooperation, which aims to construct a steady big power cooperative regime.更多还原