【作者】 桑利伟；

【导师】 郑服丛；

【作者基本信息】 华南热带农业大学 ， 微生物学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 真菌病害是海南香蕉种植业的一大障碍。为了摸清海南香蕉上的真菌病害种类以及发生情况,为生产、检疫、科教部门提供资料依据,本研究于2004年～2006年通过对海口、儋州、乐东、东方、三亚、五指山、琼中、屯昌、昌江、澄迈、临高、文昌、琼海、白沙等香蕉种植区开展实地调查和病原鉴定。结果表明,海南香蕉真菌病害有15种,分别为:香蕉枯萎病(Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht.f.sp.cubense)、炭疽病(Colletotrichum musae)、砖格孢叶斑病(Alternaria alternata)、弯孢霉叶斑病(Curvularia lunata,Curvularia senegalensis)、暗双孢叶斑病(Cordana musae)、褐缘灰斑病(Mycosphaerella musicola)、小窦氏菌叶斑病(Deightoniella torulosa)、黑星病(Macrophoma musae)、软腐病(Rhizopus stolonifer)、叶瘟病(Magnaporthe grisea)、镰刀菌冠腐病(Fusarium.moniliforme)、芽枝霉叶斑病(Cladosporium musae)、曲霉病(Aspergillus niger)、棒孢菌叶斑病(Corynespora cassiicola)、黑孢霉叶斑病(Nigrospora sphaeri)等。本调查、鉴定结果比海南已经记载的真菌病害增加3种,分别为曲霉病、棒孢菌叶斑病和黑孢霉叶斑病,这3种病害也是国内新记录。调查结果还表明,海南香蕉上危害比较严重、普遍发生的真菌病害有枯萎病、黑星病、褐缘灰斑病、灰纹病、香蕉弯孢霉叶斑病、炭疽病和黑孢霉叶斑病等7种。在上述研究基础上,选取近年来在我国香蕉上危害情况呈上升趋势的弯孢霉叶斑病(Curvularia leaf spot)病原菌[Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boed,简写为CL]为材料,开展生物学特性和药物敏感性研究。生物学特性的结果表明,适合CL菌丝生长的培养基有PSA、PDA和OMA等;适合CL菌丝生长、产孢和孢子萌发的温度为25～30℃;适合CL菌丝生长和产孢的碳源和氮源有蔗糖、葡萄糖、尿素、磷酸氢二氨和硝酸钠;适合CL菌丝生长、产孢和孢子萌发的pH为5～9;适合CL孢子萌发的RH≥80%,但RH越高,萌发率越高;光照条件对CL菌丝生长无明显影响,但光暗交替有利于产孢;孢子致死温度为55℃(10min)。药物敏感性的结果表明,6%戊唑醇微乳剂、250g/L升丙环唑乳油、25%咪鲜胺水乳剂、25%戊唑醇乳油和250g/L苯醚甲环唑乳油对CL菌丝生长均有较好的抑制效果,其中25%咪鲜胺水乳剂和250g/L苯醚甲环唑乳油的抑菌效果最好。更多还原

【Abstract】 The fungus diseases are the important hinders of banana production in Hainan Island, China. On the purpose to obtain the information of the disease occurrence and category used for the banana producers, disease quarantine, science and education, a survey on the banana fungus diseases and the pathogen identification were carried out during 2004～2006 in the banana cultivation areas in Haikou, Danzhou, Ledong, Dongfang, Sanya, Tunchang, Lingao, Chengmai, Qionghai, Wenchang, Baisha, Hainan province, China. A total of 15 fungus diseases on banana were discovered and 16 pathogens were identified. Details are as followings: Panama disease (Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht.f.sp.cubense), anthracnose (Colletotrichum musae), Alternaria leaf spot(Alternaria alternata), Curvularia leaf spot(Curvularia lunata,Curvularia senegalensis), Cordana leaf spot(Cordana musae), Mycosphaerella leaf spot(Mycosphaerella musicola), Deightoniella leaf spot(Deightoniella torulosa)、Black star disease(Macrophoma musae), Soft rot(Rhizopus stolonifer), Banana blast (Magnaporthe grisea), Fusarium crown rot (Fusarium.moniliforme), Cladosporium leaf spot (Cladosporium musae), Aspergillus disease(Aspergillus niger), Corynespora leaf spot (Corynespora cassiicola) and Nigrospora leaf spot (Nigrospora sphaeri)。On the basis of the above results, the pathogen of Curvularia leaf spot(Curvularia lunata, CL) was chosen for further study on the Biological Characteristics and the sensitivity to fungicides because of its potential damage on banana in Hainan Island. The results showed that the mediums suitable for the mycelium growth of CL included PSA, PDA and OMA, the temperature suitable for the mycelium growth,sporulation and conidium germination of CL was 25～30℃, the carbon and nitrogen sources suitable for the mycelium growth and sporulation of CL included sucrose, glucose, carbamide, potassium dihydrogen and sodium nitrate, the acidity suitable for the mycelium growth, sporulation and conidium germination of CL was pH5～9. Though RH≥80% was suitable for conidium germination of CL, germination rate was higher as RH increased. The effect of light on the mycelium growth was not obvious,however, alternation of light and dark was good for sporulation of CL. The lethal temperature for conidia was 55℃(10min). The test on the sensitivity of fungicides on CL showed that several fungicides including Tebuconazole, Propiconazole, Prochloraz, difenoconazole were able to inhibit pathogen mycelial growth.更多还原