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我国住房抵押贷款证券化法律问题研究

【作者】 江小英

【导师】 汪世虎;

【作者基本信息】 西南政法大学 , 法律, 2007, 硕士

【摘要】 作为一种金融创新,源于上世纪70年代的资产证券化在美国、欧洲市场及亚洲市场相继发展,并成为受欢迎的融资方式之一。资产证券化在增强资产流动性、扩充投融资渠道、分散风险等方面所体现出来的卓越效能,有利于解决我国商业银行目前普遍存在的资产流动性差、融资渠道单一、资产风险集中、资本充足率低等现实问题。而住房抵押贷款所具备的资产规模和良好质量,非常适合作为我国资产证券化的切入点。本文通过阐释住房抵押贷款证券化的法律原理,论证了我国现阶段实施住房抵押贷款证券化的必要性和可行性,分析了住房抵押贷款证券化的有关法律问题,重点考察了住房抵押贷款证券化中债权转让、担保规则、特别目的公司(SPV)的组织形式、证券化资产真实销售、破产隔离等问题,以及我国实行住房抵押贷款证券化所面临的诸多法律障碍,最后,在总结国外成熟的住房抵押贷款证券化立法经验的基础上提出了符合我国国情的住房抵押贷款证券化立法建议。本文分为五个部分,约35000字。第一部分“住房抵押贷款证券化的必要性和可行性”。该部分首先从资产证券化的理论着手,对资产证券化的概念、运作流程、特点、种类等相关概念作出了经济的和法律的解析。其次,指出住房抵押贷款是我国资产证券化的切入点和必然选择,并从以下几个方面进行了必要性的分析:(1)有利于防范商业银行流动性风险;(2)为社会投资者开辟新的投资渠道;(3)促进中低收入家庭住房条件的改善;(4)有利于发挥我国政府财政资金的使用效果。第二部分“住房抵押贷款证券化中的债权转让规则与担保规则”。首先,从资产转让的方式、债权转让的法律效力的三种立法主义、我国债权转让的法律规定等方面分析了在我国现有的法律语境下进行住房抵押贷款证券化的法律障碍,指出让与方式应确定为我国住房抵押贷款转让的法定方式,同时采用发布公告或集中通知的方式,既能保证达到通知的要求,又极大降低了证券化的成本。其次,基于以基础资产提供担保的特点,从抵押权的转让效力、政府担保、抵押权的实现几个方面分析了我国目前担保法律中住房抵押贷款证券化遇到的问题,提出了发起人就抵押贷款转让以公告方式通知产生对抗债务人和第三人的法律效力的同时,法律效力应及于贷款所附随的抵押担保权利的立法建议。第三部分“特殊目的机构(SPV)的法律问题”。该部分分析了SPV的法律性质、组织形式,以及在我国目前法律环境下SPV设立和经营遇到的法律障碍,提出了明确SPV的组织形式和性质,降低SPV公司的出资标准和准许发行债券标准,完善SPV的内部治理结构等立法建议。第四部分“真实销售和破产隔离的法律分析”。本部分分析了司法实践中如何把握真实销售和破产隔离的标准,从而为住房抵押贷款证券化的顺利进行保驾护航。第五部分“我国住房抵押贷款证券化的立法构想”。本部分在提出我国应采用单独立法模式系统架构住房抵押贷款证券化法律的设想的基础上,重点对SPV的法律规定、债权转让和担保的法律规定、真实销售和破产隔离的法律规定、有关税收和费用的法律规定等进行了较为详细的阐述。住房抵押贷款证券化的全过程几乎涵盖了所有经济法律领域,如合同法、公司法及其它形式的企业法、破产法、信托法、银行法、担保法、证券法、房地产法、会计法、税法等等。可以说,住房抵押贷款证券化的法律问题构成了一项法律系统工程。本文的特色之处在于对住房抵押贷款证券化涉及上述重要方面的法律障碍、法律问题进行了较为详细的分析,并对我国住房抵押贷款证券化法律立法模式提出了应采用统一立法模式的观点。

【Abstract】 As a kind of important financial innovation, the asset-backed securitization (ABS for short) which originated in American in 1970s has got a great development in American market, European market, Asia market and become one of the most popular financing implement. Its outstanding efficacies embodies in strengthening asset’s fluidness, enlarging channels of financing and investments and dispersing risks are beneficial to solving such realistic problems widely existed in commercial banks of our country. While housing mortgage loan has a asset scale and good quality, which suits to be the point of tangency into asset securitization of our country. By expounding the legal doctrine of the securitization of housing mortgage loan, reasoning its feasibility and necessity, analyzing a lot of legal barriers that our country shall face under current social environments, the author for brings up the legislative suggestions of securitization of housing mortgage loan which conform to national conditions of our country.The thesis covers five sections with 35000 words.The first section set about the theory of ABS, then analyze the concept, the operating procedure, characteristic and economic function from legal angle and economic angle. At the last part the author brings up the feasibility and necessity of MBS in our country. The 2 to 4 section discuss the legal problems and obstacles of securitization of housing mortgage loan under our country, including the creditor’s rights transfer regulation and guarantee regulation; "true sale"; the special purpose vehicle (SPV). The fifth section propose alone legislation pattern of securitization in our country on basis of American and Japanese mature legislation system.There are several creative ideas in this thesis: the writer make a systematic and deep study on MBS from legal point; and select special aspects to analyze the legal obstacles; and give some suggestions to the alone legislation pattern of securitization of housing mortgage loan.

  • 【分类号】D922.287
  • 【被引频次】2
  • 【下载频次】259
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