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论行政附带民事诉讼

【作者】 何芃

【导师】 李祖军;

【作者基本信息】 西南政法大学 , 民事诉讼法学, 2007, 硕士

【摘要】 行政附带民事诉讼作为一项实践催生、立法重视的新兴程序制度,在学界却长期只停留在个案的探讨和零星的关注上,缺乏基础、系统的论证和深入、细致的研究。本文拟通过概念解读、价值评价、目的定位、成因追究、对比辨析、问题完善思考分析手段,对行政附带民事诉讼进行制度原理性的论证研究,力求为行政附带民事诉讼制度的确立,找到充分的正当性依据。全文分为四个部分,共计三万四千余字。第一部分行政附带民事诉讼概论。本部分首先通过引入引起学界反响的三个典型案例,展示了行政附带民事诉讼在实践中的发展及现状。接着围绕行政附带民事诉讼概念,先论证了概念的外延应将行政赔偿诉讼排除,而将行政裁决诉讼纳入;后说明了概念的内涵中,行政诉讼与附带民事诉讼的关联性主要体现为法律、主体、处理、预决等四种情形,并进而推出,这种关联的连接点是民事争议,行政附带民事诉讼的实质是民事诉讼。此后,本部分就行政附带民事诉讼概念中“附带”的含义进行了集中讨论,通过与刑事附带民事诉讼的比较区分,得出观点:行政附带民事诉讼中的“附带”,仅有诉讼程序选择上的顺序先后之意,并无行政、民事两种诉讼重要性的主从之分。在本部分的最后还解释了行政附带民事诉讼的三大特点,即性质上的民事性、当事人诉讼地位的双重性和诉讼的关联性。第二部分行政附带民事诉讼价值论。本部分首先针对学界中不时出现的质疑行政附带民事诉讼存在价值的观点,分别从三个方面,即与刑事附带民事诉讼在诉讼效益上的比较,立法对行政司法权的态度及行政司法权范围的未来走向,行政附带民事诉讼在具体程序规则上的冲突,证明了质疑观点的片面和错误。接着通过分析行政诉讼与民事诉讼的目的,得出认识:行政附带民事诉讼的目的是对享有民事权益的当事人的民事权益的保护。本部分最后透析了行政附带民事诉讼所彰显的三大法理价值,其一是诉讼效益价值,这体现在方便当事人诉讼,节约法院审判资源和确保法院裁判的统一权威三个方面;其二是司法最终解决原则,通过否定行政终局裁决权,行政附带民事诉讼完善了对民事权益享有人的保护;其三是程序的融合与协调理念,通过打破传统分庭制所造成的人为审理障碍,有力推动了法院机能和诉讼功效的充分发挥。第三部分行政附带民事诉讼比较法论。本部分选取了法国、英国和日本作为研究比较的对象。首先介绍了法国的附属问题管辖权制度,通过表明法国的二元审判结构和法国行政法“既监督行政权行使又维护行政权运行”的双重目的观,与我国的审判结构以及行政诉讼目的观差异明显,论证了法国的附属问题管辖权制度难以为我国所接受。接着本部分介绍了英国的多元权利救济途径。其一是司法审查,它向我们昭示了公法救济与私法救济界限模糊化的趋势,并彰显了注重私权救济而相对看轻公权权威的维护的程序观念;其二是普通法上的诉讼,它启示了我们可以通过重新定位行政机关的诉讼地位,将行政机关视同于私人来平等对待;其三是依制定法提起上诉,它向我们肯定了应重视行政行为适当性的审查,深入贯彻司法最终解决原则并进一步丰富权利救济方法。本部分最后介绍了日本的当事人诉讼制度,通过批驳我国学者建议设立当事人诉讼制度的观点,本部分澄清了当事人诉讼制度较之行政附带民事诉讼,并不能更有效提高诉讼效率,相反,当事人诉讼制度所宣扬的“转换行政机关诉讼地位以避免招惹行政机关向法院施压”的思想,与我国行政诉讼立法指导思想相背离,不值得为我国所效仿。第四部分行政附带民事诉讼完善论。本部分首先从制度和思想两个方面,分析了行政民事交叉类型诉讼形成的原因,制度成因包括三点:一是行政、民事法律规范的竞合,二是行政机关依照法律的授权行使行政司法权,三是行政行为对相对人以外的人的权益产生影响;思想成因包括四点:一是对公法私法关系的重新认识,二是政府执政理念的转变,三是市场经济观念和社会分工思想的进一步深化,四是民众诉讼法制意识的提升和成熟。接着本部分讨论了行政附带民事诉讼现存的主要问题,一是立法的薄弱,二是规则的粗陋,包括了诉讼管辖、诉讼时效、举证责任、判决结果及执行上的冲突等,三是观念的局限,涉及了立法者、司法者、民众及学者四类主体。本部分最后提出了完善行政附带民事诉讼的建议,包括立法的加强,针对上述缺陷规则的优化,以及提升立法者的公法私法权利救济方式的融合观念、提升司法者审判过程中保护当事人合法权益的观念、提升民众对“司法最终解决”的信任观念、提升学者关于制度设置的“补充性”、“预备性”的目的观念等。

【Abstract】 Civil litigation attached to administrative litigation (abbreviated to CLAAL) is an emerging procedure that comes from the practice and has the value to the legislation. But for a long time, scholars have only paid a little attention to some typical cases. So this dissertation paper conducts a principle research into concept, value, purpose, origin and improvement of CLAAL.This dissertation paper is divided into four parts, consisting of 36,000 characters.PartⅠis about the introduction of CLAAL. Firstly this part demonstrates the development and the present situation of CLAAL by three typical cases. Secondly it proves CLAAL should remove the administrative compensation litigation, and admit the administrative decision litigation. Thirdly it deduces the junction of administrative litigation and civil litigation is civil dispute, and the essence of CLAAL is civil litigation. Fourthly it discusses the "attached" in CLAAL, and proves that the "attached" means the order of procedure choosing only. Finally it explains the characteristics of CLAAL.PartⅡis about the value of CLAAL. Firstly it proves the denial of CLAAL is one-sided and wrong from three aspects. Secondly it analyses the purpose of CLAAL is the protection of civil rights and interests of civil litigant. Finally it explains the three values of legal principle of CLAAL: litigation’s benefit, principle of judicial final settlement and fusion and coordination of procedures.PartⅢis about comparative law of CLAAL. It selects France, Britain and Japan as objects under research. Firstly it introduces the system of jurisdictional right of affiliated question in France. By demonstrating dual trial structures and dual purposes of French administrative law, it proves China should not accept the system of jurisdictional right of affiliated question. Secondly it introduces the plural ways of fights remedy in Britain, including judicial review, action in common law and statutory appeal. Then it proves China should model herself on Britain in many aspects. Finally it introduces the litigant litigation in Japan. By criticizing the viewpoint that China should introduce litigant litigation, it proves that the guiding ideology of litigant litigation violates the guiding ideology of Chinese administrative litigation, so China should not imitate it. PartⅣis about improvement of CLAAL. Firstly it analyses the system origin and thought origin of overlapping situation of administrative litigation and civil litigation. Secondly it reveals three major problems about CLAAL: poorness of legislation, weakness of procedural roles, (including: litigation jurisdiction, limitation of litigation, burden of proof, outcome of adjudication and execution) and limitation of ideas. Finally it proposes three suggestions about how to improve CLAAL: strengthening the legislation, consummating procedural rules, enhancing ideas of legislators, judicature, the populace and scholars.

  • 【分类号】D925.3
  • 【被引频次】5
  • 【下载频次】539
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