【作者】 田计青；

【导师】 贾润礼；

【作者基本信息】 中北大学 ， 材料学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 聚乙烯(PE)是一类生产量大、用途广泛的通用塑料。其制成品从薄膜、日用品、管材到电线电缆护套等等随处可见。但是PE的氧指数仅为17.3,属于易燃材料,且燃烧时产生熔滴,不易熄灭,极易造成火灾,对人们的生命和财产安全形成巨大的威胁。其制品在高层建筑、煤矿、地铁隧道及大型船舶等许多领域的应用受到限制,因此聚乙烯的阻燃改性研究受到广泛关注。由于含卤阻燃剂有诸多不利因素,而无卤阻燃剂有更好的发展前景,于是,本论文采用无卤阻燃技术对PE进行阻燃改性研究。论文采用氧指数试验、水平燃烧试验作为考查阻燃性能的手段;以试样的拉伸强度和冲击强度评定力学性能;以挤出机的主电机电流及机头压力考查加工性能。以三聚氰胺、纤维、季戊四醇硬脂酸酯为基本组分。结合各种基本组分单独对聚乙烯阻燃性能、力学性能、加工性能的影响,获得了每种阻燃剂在聚乙烯中的适宜添加量。研究由基本组分构成的两组复合阻燃体系的综合性能,获得了每组体系中各组分的合适配比。研究硅烷对聚乙烯/纤维体系阻燃性能的影响,得到了其适宜用量。研究氧化锌对聚乙烯复合体系的影响,获得了它与其余基本组分的恰当配比。氧指数试验说明了聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐和三聚氰胺复合对聚乙烯有阻燃作用,并用红外光谱试验证实生成了新基团,两者发生交联反应,促进成炭起到阻燃作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Polyethylene(PE) is a kind of general plastic which has been produced in bulk and used widely. Its products include film,daily-appliance,pipe,cable and wire,etc.However PE has only a limiting oxygen index(LOI) value of 17.3 and is flammable and there is a great deal of flux-drop when PE is being burned,which is easy to bring about fire. This is a threat to people and property. PE has been limited in many fields such as high building,coal mineral,subway,great ship,etc.So many reseachers keep a close watch on study on PE modified by flame retardant.As a result of many disadvantages of halogen flame retardant and excellent prospect of non-halogen flame retardant, non-halogen flame retardant methods were used to modify PE in this paper.LOI and horizontal burning velocity were used as main measures to test the flame retardancy of materials;tensile strength and impact strength were done to estimate mechanical property of materials; main-moter current and mould pressure of the intruder were recorded to test processability.Melamine,fiber and pentaerythritol stearate are the basic ingredient.The suitable dosage in PE of each basic ingredient was obtained by combining the influence of them on flame retardancy , mechanical property and processability of PE respectively.The suitable proportion of components in two sets of complex systems were obtained by studying composite properties.The effect of silane coupler on flame retardancy of PE/fiber system was studied to obtain its suitable dosage. The influence of zinc oxide on flame retardancy of PE complex system was studied in order to obtain suitable proportion of components.The result of LOI showed that the PE-g-MAH combining with melamine had a role of flame retardation on PE.Also infrared spectroscopy bore out that they generated crosslinking reaction,which accelerated char-forming and arised from flame retarded effect.更多还原