【作者】 刁雪峰；

【导师】 贾润礼；

【作者基本信息】 中北大学 ， 材料学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 目前在国内外,聚丙烯(PP)制品应用非常广泛。在一些特殊场合PP可以代替某些工程塑料,被广泛应用于汽车工业、家用电器、工业配套材料、医疗用具及日用领域。但是PP具有很强的电绝缘性,体积电阻率均在1016～1020?·㎝。正因为优异的电绝缘性,PP制品在生产和使用中会积累静电荷,会引起一些危害或事故。所以消除PP的静电、降低电阻率是十分必要的。本文采用了两种不同的抗静电剂对PP的抗静电性能与力学性能进行了研究与讨论,同时考察了环境湿度对其抗静电PP的影响,主要内容为:(1)采用双螺杆挤出机熔融接枝方法制备了(PP/POE)-g-MAH-g-PAM,将其作为抗静电剂;同时加入石棉短纤维,采用熔融挤出的方式,得到抗静电体系。研究表明,该抗静电剂属于高分子型抗静电剂,该接枝物主链上含有酰胺基团,作为抗静电剂可使PP的电阻率下降2～3个数量级,表面电阻率可达到1011?,同时石棉短纤维能在体系中搭建增强“网络”,对PP的电性能也有一定的帮助,同时提高体系的力学性能。环境湿度对电性能有一定影响,但并不明显,环境湿度从40%增加到80%,表面电阻率下降了2个数量级。(2)抗静电剂采用合成的甘油乙撑双硬脂酰胺,同时在PP树脂中加入石棉短纤维与偶联剂,其中偶联剂用量约为纤维含量的1%,力学性能可达到最优。抗静电剂甘油乙撑双硬脂酰胺具有了极性的酰胺基团,同时也具有羟基基团,该合成物具有很好的亲水性,当甘油乙撑双硬脂酰胺含量达到30PHR,表面电阻率最多可下降为1.67×1011?,但力学性能却有很大的降低;加入石棉短纤维,电阻率下降约为1个数量级,同时对力学性能有一定帮助。环境湿度从40%增长到80%,试样的表面电阻率下降了3～4个数量级,要优于前一个抗静电体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, products of polypropylene (PP) are extremely widespread at home and abroad. In some special fields, PP may replace some engineering plastics, and is widely applied to automobile industry, household electric appliances, industrial matching material, medical apparatus and daily area. But PP has excellent electrical insulation property, and the range of volume resistivity is 1016～1020?·㎝. Because of excellent electrical insulation property, the products of PP can accumulate the charge in the manufacture and use, and can cause some harms or accidents. Therefore, eliminating static electricity of PP and reducing the electronic resistivity is extremely essential. This article had researched and discussed mechanical properties and antistatic properties of PP which used two kind of different antistatic agents, and had discussed environment humidity’s effects to antistatic PP. Main content is:(1) Antistatic system which contained short asbestos fiber and (PP/POE)-g-MAH-g-PAM had been achieved at last, and (PP/POE)-g-MAH-g-PAM which used as antistatic agent was prepared by extruded molding. The result indicated that, this antistatic agent belonged to macromolecule antistatic agent, main chain of this graft chain had acidamide groups, and it could cause electronic resistivity of PP to drop 2~3 magnitudes, the surface resistivity could reach to 1011?. Simultaneously, short asbestos fiber could build the strengthen "the network" in the system, also could help to electricity performance of PP and enhanced mechanical performance of PP. Environment humidity had the certain influence on electricity performance, but was not certainly obvious. Environment humidity increased from 40% to 80%, surface resistivity of PP dropped 2 magnitudes.(2) Antistatic system contained antistatic agent which was synthetic glycerol ethlene bistearic amide, short asbestos fiber and coupling agent. Mechanical performance of PP was optimal when the content of coupling agent was 1% of content of short asbestos fiber. Glycerol ethlene bistearic amide which was antistatic agent had polar acidamide groups and hydroxy groups, and had excellent hydrophilic properties. When content of glycerine ethylene double stearamide achieves 30PHR, surface resistivity of PP dropped to 1.67×1011?, but mechanics performance actually decreased. Because of addition of short asbestos fiber, electronic resistivity dropped 1 magnitude; simultaneously mechanics performance had an enhancement. The antistatic efficiency of the this antistatic system was better than the former, when environment humidity increased from 40% to 80%, surface resistivity of PP dropped 3～4 magnitudes.更多还原