【作者】 邱化冬；

【导师】 方方；

【作者基本信息】 成都理工大学 ， 测试计量技术及仪器， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 文中主要研究γ射线测量过程控制及其数据处理方面的问题。首先，言简意赅的叙述γ射线测量的基础理论和相关知识。其次，叙述了统计学基础理论及误差理论与数据处理部分内容，同时把统计学在放射性测量中的应用做了相应的分析。研究中发现理论在实际运用中的局限，提出了γ射线测量及其测量数据处理中存在的问题。最后，针对存在的问题，引入过程控制理论和最新的误差理论与数据处理理论对存在的问题进行解决，并列举大量实测数据进行验证分析。介绍了数据质量定义及其纬度，在此基础上引入统计过程控制工具——控制图和过程能力指数。大量γ测量数据发现传统的统计过程控制工具不能够满足实际的运用，结合加权标准差方法的基本思想，提出了有偏总体的联合均值极差控制图。根据过程能力指数的定义，构造出适合放射性γ测量的测量能力指数。经过实际测量数据的检验，有偏总体的联合均值极差控制图和放射性测量能力指数能够很好的对放射性稳定核素的测量过程进行控制。放射性测量能力指数更加真实的衡量了仪器在测量过程中的长期稳定性。并理论上推导出适合短寿核素测量过程控制的控制图。发现现有放射性测量不确定度评价存在的局限，利用灰色系统理论对样本分布的不要求和小样本等特点，由大量实测数据计算出放射性灰度常数，通过实际数据的验证，灰度系统理论计算结果大样本情况下优于基于泊松分布前提的计算结果，小样本情况下更是优于Bessel公式法和泊松分布前提的计算结果。初步回归计算出美国ORTEC公司的高纯锗γ能谱仪对测量不确定度评定时采用的数学模型。更多还原

【Abstract】 Firstly, simple description the foundation theories of theγradiation measurementand its related knowledges. The nine instruments index of theγradiation detector isemphasized in order to correspond the new instrument stability index that argue inchapter 5.Secondly, described the statistic basal theories and the error margintheorieses and data processing. Through analyse the statistics that used in radiationmeasurement,we find some problems are exist in theγradiation measurement and itsdata processing.Finally, aim at the existent problem, introduce the latest error margintheories and data processing theories to carry on resolve to the existent problem.This aiticle detailed discussed the data quantity definition and its degree oflatitudes. Analyzing the main aspect of the radiation measurement data requested sothat to introduce the statistics process control tools—Control chart and Process abilityindex number. According to the datas that measured theγradiation in daily,wediscover the traditional statistics process control tools can’t satisfy the real practiceenough. Combine the basic thought of add the power Sigma method, we put forwardthe new (?)-R control chart base on the sample data probability distributions andcompute the constants of the new (?)-R control chart. According to the definition of the process ability index number, we construct the new radiation measurement abilityindex number to suit the real practice. Through actual datas test the new (?)-Rcontrol chart base on the sample data probability distributions and the radiationmeasurement ability index number can do well than the its before, the new (?)-Rcontrol chart base on the sample data probability distributions can advance to appearand send out the early-warning information about the unqualified data, effectivelyavoided the mistakes—fail to report and wrong deliver. The radiation measurementability index number measured the instrument more truely at the long-term stability inthe process when it is used in daily.Discover the existing problems of the experimental uncertainty in radiationmeasurement,we introduce the Gray system theories because of its characteristics ofno request to the sample data probability distributions and small sample datas. Fromthe great quantities numbers that measure in daily to compute a constant of the Graysystem theories. Passing the verification of the actual data,we find the Gray systemtheories constant do well not only in the large sample datas but also in the smallsample datas. Contrast the results that calculate in the Gray system theories, we caneasily draw the conclusion that the Gray system theories results is more effective thanthe results based on the poisson probability distribution.Primary compute the mathematics model that used in an American company’sγradiation measurement instrument by the regression model and give an estimatedregression equation.更多还原