【作者】 王立宗；

【导师】 李朝东；

【作者基本信息】 西北师范大学 ， 中国哲学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 知识是什么?这是一个古老而长新的话题。对于这一问题的思考与解答,古今中外的思想家见仁见智,没有形成一致的看法或意见,但也存在着一些相似的观点和立场。在卡尔·雅斯贝斯所谓的“轴心时代”,中国的孔子与古希腊的柏拉图都曾对“知识”或者说“知识是什么?”进行过论述。如果雅斯贝斯的“轴心时代”理论有其合理性的话,那么,我们对孔子与柏拉图关于“知识是什么?”的理论学说进行比较研究就不仅仅是一种学理的探究,更具有一种社会文明史观的意味。比较研究孔子与柏拉图对“知识是什么”问题的论述,不仅是对“知识是什么”这一问题或“知识”这一范畴的研究,它涉及到中国儒家文化传统与希腊哲学传统之间的关系,是一个比较复杂的论题。本研究试图从孔子与柏拉图对“知识”的不同体认以及对中西社会历史文化的导源功能的入思角度,对孔子与柏拉图关于“知识是什么”或者“应该是什么”给予力所能及的分析与阐明。事实上,中国古代并没有确切的“知识”这一范畴,但有所谓的“知”范畴,就蕴涵的意义而论,中国古代的“知”范畴包涵今所谓认识、知觉及知识的意思。因此,研究孔子的知识观,我们主要考察他的“知”范畴。在古希腊的柏拉图,他对“知识”的论述更接近于我们今天所谓的“知识”概念。我们认为,知识是人类认识活动的产物,也是人类与其他动物的主要区别。知识观是指人们对知识的根本看法与根本观点,它与西方哲学中的“知识论”是不同的。“知识论”是一个有着特定研究对象并具有一系列范畴体系的概念,完全是西方哲学的范畴。“知识观”则是一个比较宽泛的概念,就其视域本身而言,它蕴涵了知识的来源与途径、知识的主客体与内容、知识的本质与形态等问题。根本而言,对知识问题的探讨,可从不同的视角和侧面切入。我们选择了知识观的角度,对孔子与柏拉图思想中的“知识”问题,主要从知识的来源与途径、知识的主客体与内容、知识的本质与形态等方面进行了比较研究,试图通过比较,揭示出孔子与柏拉图在“知识”问题上存在的不同思维方式,并且这种思维方式极其重要地影响了中国与西方文化传统的发展方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 What is knowledge? This is an ancient and ever-lasting topic. On the thinking and enlightenment of this issue thinkers differ at all times, no consensus views or opinions, but there are also some similar views and stances.In the so-called "Axial Period" of Karl Jaspers, China’s Confucius and the ancient Greek Plato have conducted expositions of the "knowledge" or "knowledge is what?" If Karl Jaspers "Axial Period" is a reasonable theory, then that we make the comparative study of Confucius and Plato’s "What is knowledge?" doctrine is not just a scholar research but also means a history of social civilization.A comparative study of Confucius and Plato’s "What is knowledge?" is not only the issue itself or "knowledge scope", it also involves the relationship between China’s traditional Confucian culture and Greek Philosophy. So it is a more complicated issue. This study attempts to state Confucius and Plato’s different understandings of "knowledge" in social and cultural history of both China and western countries, and to give a fundamental analysis of Confucius and Plato’s "What is knowledge?" or " What knowledge should be?"In fact, the ancient China did not exactly expose "knowledge", but there was the so-called "know scope". But as for the implied significance, the ancient Chinese "know scope" includes the meanings of the so-called awareness, perception and knowledge. Therefore, as to the study of Confucian concepts of knowledge, we mainly study his "know scope". In ancient Greece, Plato’s "knowledge" was much closer to the so-called "knowledge" concept we are discussing today.We believe that knowledge is the result of realization activities of human beings and it is a main difference between humans and other animals. The concept of knowledge means the basic understandings and fundamental perspective views, and it is different with the Western Philosophy of "Theory of Knowledge". "Theory of Knowledge" is a specific research area with a series of scope and system concepts of Western Philosophy. "The concept of knowledge" is a relatively broad concept, and in its extent itself, it contains such issues as the sources and ways, the subject and object, the content, the nature and forms of knowledge.Basically, knowledge can be studied from different angles. We choose the concept of knowledge of Confucius and Plato’s ideas to make a comparative study of the sources and ways, the subject and object, the content, the nature and forms of knowledge. By this comparative study, we attempt to reveal Confucius and Plato’s different ways of thinking in the "knowledge" issue, and these different ways of thinking are extremely important impacts on the development direction of the Chinese and Western cultural traditions.更多还原