【作者】 汤盈；

【导师】 侯天德；

【作者基本信息】 西北师范大学 ， 运动人体科学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 模拟低氧训练是近年来发展起来的一种新的科学训练方法,在运动训练中发挥着积极的作用。本实验利用低压氧舱设备模拟不同的低氧训练方法,建立动物训练模型,运用形态学、运动生理学和运动生物化学理论和方法对大鼠骨骼肌部分生化指标进行统计分析,探讨不同低氧训练方法对大鼠骨骼肌超微结构、生化指标的影响以及寻求低氧环境下进行运动训练的最佳低氧训练方法。实验以雄性健康SD大鼠为实验对象,建立大鼠低氧及正常氧训练模型,按实验要求将70只大鼠随机分为常氧安静组（C）、低住低练组（LoLo）、低住高练组（LoHi）、低氧安静组（HC）、高住低练组（HiLo）、高住高练组（HiHi）,高住高练低训组（HiHiLo）。运动组进行递增、大强度跑台训练,每天1次,均在08:00-11:00,速度从20m/min增加到30m/min,时间从30min递增到60min。四周训练完成后,一次性在跑台上跑至力竭后即刻断头处死,分别检测各组大鼠体重、血红蛋白（Hb）、红细胞压积（Hct）、血糖、骨骼肌超微结构、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、肌乳酸（MLa）、血乳酸（BLa）、肌酸激酶（CK）、苹果酸脱氢酶（MDH）、腺苷三磷酸酶（ATPase）指标的不同变化。实验结果表明:1.四周低氧训练后,HiLo和HiHiLo组骨骼肌细胞表现出良好的适应现象,如肌纤维排列整齐,线粒体增多,双层膜完整,嵴致密;但LoHi对骨骼肌损伤相对较大;而三组的骨骼肌糖元含量显著增加。2.低氧训练组大鼠Hb、Hct含量显著高于常氧组,但不同模式提高程度不同,HiLo、HiHiLo优于其它组。说明低氧复合运动可增强大鼠氧运输能力。同时HiLo和HiHiLo组血糖含量的升高对提高大鼠有氧耐力能力有很大帮助。3.低氧训练组大鼠骨骼肌MDA含量显著下降和相应的SOD活性显著升高,并且HiLo和HiHiLo优于LoHi。说明低氧复合运动可增强大鼠抗氧化能力。4.低氧训练组大鼠MLa和BLa含量有不同程度的下降。在LoHi、HiLo、HiHiLo三组中HiLo组下降较明显。说明低氧复合运动可提高大鼠乳酸消除能力,进而提高有氧代谢能力。5.低氧训练后HiLo组大鼠骨骼肌MDH活性较其它组稍高,LoHi、HiLo、HiHiLo组大鼠骨骼肌CK活性显著高于LoLo和HiHi,说明低氧复合运动可提高大鼠氧化酶活性和CK活性,对提高大鼠有氧代谢能力有很大帮助。6.HiHiLo、HiLo组大鼠骨骼肌Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase、Ca²⁺-ATPase活性显著高于其它组,HiLo组大鼠骨骼肌Mg²⁺-ATPase活性显著高于HiHiLo和LoHi。提示低氧复合运动可改善大鼠ATPase活性。结论:1.四周不同的低氧训练后,HiLo和HiHiLo组大鼠骨骼肌细胞表现出良好的适应现象,而LoHi组骨骼肌细胞因其运动负荷在肌纤维、线粒体、毛细血管方面有不同程度的缺氧性损伤。说明大鼠骨骼肌细胞因其不同的低氧训练方法而产生不同的影响。2.不同的低氧训练方法对大鼠骨骼肌生化指标有不同的影响,在不同程度上可增强大鼠有氧代谢能力,提高其运动能力。几种低氧训练方法中,HiLo更优于其它组,而HiHiLo仅次于HiLo。更多还原

【Abstract】 Simulated hypoxic training is a new scientific training method, which plays an active role in training. This experiment, which make use of hypoxic cabin equipment simulating different hypoxic training method, building-up animal training method, applied theory and method of morphology, athletic physiology and sports biochemistry statistical to analyze rats’ skeletal muscle ultrastructure, and bio-chemical metabolism index. Investigation and discussion which is from the influence of the different hypoxic method upon effect of the rats’ skeletal muscle ultrastructure, bio-chemical metabolism looking for under hypoxic circumstance carried on the best training method of the plateau training.Experimental methods:Experiment is with the male healthy SD rats for test object, building up the low oxygen and normal oxygen of rat to train model,at experiment’s request ,which is randomly divided into: sea level sedentary group（C）, Living low Training low （LoLo）, sedentary group of hypoxia（HC）, Living low Training High （LoHi）, Living High Training low （HiLo）, Living High Training High （HiHi）, Living High Training High Training low （HiHiLo）. The sport set carries on gradually intensive pedestal training once a day,at 08:00-11:00,with the speed from 20m/min to 30m/min and time from 30min to 60min.After four weeks’,the rats were killed by decollation after exhaustive running,and changes of in weight,Hb,Hct,the blood sugar,BLa,and the ultrastructure of skeletal muscle of rats,SOD,MDA,MLa,CK,MDH, ATPase index sign of the skeletal muscular tissue are tested.Results of the experiment:1. After hypoxia training, HiLo and HiHiLo show fine adaptation in skeletal muscle ultrastructure, for example, Marshalling of muscle fibre, an increase of chondrioso -me,and the entire bilayer film ,the compact ridge .But LoHi group of skeletal muscle loss is relatively bigger grave.At the same time,the three sets of rats of skeletal muscle glycogens contents are notably increased.2. Hb and Hct contents of the hypoxia group are obviously higher than the normal oxygen group after hypoxia training.But the different pattern improves differently, HiLo and HiHiLo group are better the that other group. It indicats that the hypoxic training can strengthen the oxygen carrying capacity. At the same time,the blood sugercontents of HiLo and HiHiLo group are higher notably than other, it can also promotethat aerobic exercise performance is more helpful.3. Skeletal muscle MDA content of the hypoxia group rats descend remarkably andcorresponding SOD activity go up notably after hypoxia training. HiLo,HiHiLo groupare better than LoHi group.It indicats that the hypoxic training can improve the rat’skeletal muscle oxidation resistance.4.In hypoxia training group, the rats MLa and BLa contents descend remarkly indifferent degree. And HiLo group decreased obviously compared with LoHi, HiLoand HiHiLo. It indicats that the hypoxic training reduce lactic acid contents andprotect them by improving their aerobic-metablizability.5.The rat’s Skeletal muscle MDH activity of HiLo group is higher than others afterhypoxia training.And CK activity of LoHi,HiLo and HiHiLo group are higherobviously than LoLo and HiHi group. It indicats that the hypoxic training canstrengthen the rat’s keletal muscle oxidase activity and CK activity, promotingaerobic metabolism ability have very big help.6. The rat’s Skeletal muscle Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase activity of HiHiLo and HiLo group ishigher than the others after hypoxia training,and skeletal muscle Mg²⁺ -ATPaseactivity of HiLo group is also higher than LoHi and HiHiLo group. It indicats that thehypoxic training can improve ATPase activity.conclusion:1.After hypoxia training, HiLo and HiHiLo show fine adaptation in skeletal muscleultrastructure.But Skeletal muscle cells of LoHi group represent anoxia damage inaspect of muscle fiber, mitochondria and capillary vessel in some degree. It indicatsthat the rat’s Skeletal muscle cells produce different influence because of differenthypoxic training.2.The different hypoxia training methods make different effect in aspect of the rats’skeletal muscle bio-chemical index, it can promote aerobic metabolism ability andsports ability in different degree. Of all these kinds of hypoxia training methods,HiLo shows a better result than the other, and followed by the HiLo.更多还原