【作者】 何菊；

【导师】 吴建民；

【作者基本信息】 甘肃农业大学 ， 农业机械化工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 我国是严重缺水的国家之一,特别是我国北方地区,面临着严重的水危机。同时,传统的农业生产方式,又造成大量的水资源浪费。就在人们为节水绞尽脑汁的时候,山东省农科院的专家们研究出了小麦垄作栽培技术,这种技术的推广,不但节约了水资源,而且在种植方式上,给了人们一个新的概念。小麦垄作栽培技术的基本原理是:用机械开沟起垄,小麦种在垄上,每垄种植3~6行小麦。这种技术的主要特点是:改传统的平作为垄作,扩大土壤面积40%左右,增加光能截获量;有利于田间通风透光,从而降低了田间的湿度,抑制了小麦常见病害的发生;小麦株高明显降低,增强了小麦的抗倒伏能力;改传统的平作的大水漫灌为垄作的小水沟内渗灌,节水30%~40%,消除了土壤板结的现象,为作物根系的健康生长和土壤微生物的活动创造了良好的条件;有利于更好的优化小麦个体与群体的关系,最大限度地发挥小麦的边行优势,实现群体适宜,个体健壮,增加产量,改善品质的目的,并且可以降低成本30%左右。畦作沟灌保护性耕作技术在我国刚刚起步,其配套机具还处于试验摸索阶段,具有很大的发展空间和潜力。为了更好的推广小麦垄作技术,设计了一种畦作沟灌的小麦起垄播种机,垄上种植四行小麦。它一次作业可完成起垄、整形、播种、覆土镇压等多道工序,减少了田间作业工序,提高了作业效率,提高了起垄和播种质量。这种机械的出现,使小麦垄作栽培技术的推广和农机推广一次完成,能给广大农民带来更多的实惠。本文也对起垄播种机的关键部件进行了介绍。该机采用尖角式开沟器,这是一种新式开沟器,开沟窄,入土性能好,工作阻力小,耐磨损。该机采用了组合的方式进行起垄:首先由小圆盘耙起一条较窄的垄,再由直径大些的缺口圆盘犁进一步拓宽垄体,然后由铧再一次拓宽垄体,并对垄沟进行整形,最后再由整形镇压装置对垄体进行整形。本论文用Pro/ENGINEER软件对整机进行了整体设计,建立了三维模型,并进行了优化;用ADAMS仿真软件对地轮及碎土装置进行了仿真,得到了碎土装置的运动轨迹;用ANSYS分析软件对主要受力部件进行了受力分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 Our country is one of the countries, which is short of water seriously, especially the north area of our country is faced with serious water crisis. At the same time, the traditional agricultural production has wasted a mass of water resource. When people are trying their best to reduce the water waste, the experts of Shan Dong agricultural academe have studied out the bed planting system in wheat. With the extension of this technique, it was not only help us to economize water, but also it helped people to build a new concept on planting mold.The fundamental principle of the bed planting technique in wheat is: using planter to ditch and ridge, and planting three to six rows wheat on the ridge. There are many characteristics of this technique including changing conventional flat planting system to bed planting system, extending soil area about 40%, and increasing the ability of gain solar energy. It also attributes to the wind ventilation and light permeating for the field, accordingly decreases the humidity of the field and restrains the plant diseases and insect pests of wheat. Furthermore, this system make the height of wheat smaller, consequently, the ability of resist lodge is swelled. When changing conventional flooding to infiltrate irrigate in channel, it can economizes water 30%~40%, eliminates the phenomena of harden soil, and creates favorable condition for the crop growth and microorganism’s activity. At the same time, it can optimize the relationship between wheat individuals and populations and exert the side advantage of wheat at most limitation, which can reach the intention of increasing output and improving quality. It also can reduce cost about 30%.The conservation tillage system of ridge culture furrow irrigation is just beginning. The associative machine is just on the stage of testing, which has good development space and potential. A type of ridge culture furrow irrigation of wheat seeder was designed in order to extend the technique of ridge culture wheat. It plants 4 rows wheat on the ridge. It can finish all field works, including ridging, shaping, seeding, covering and squashing the soil and etc.. The seeder reduces working procedure in field, improves working efficiency and the quality of ridge and planting. The appearance of this machine makes the bed planting system in wheat and the wheat seeder extend together and bring more boon to people.Also the paper introduces the important parts of the ridge culture wheat seeder. This machine uses sharp angle style opener, which is a new type of opener. It has the advantage of ditching narrow, good performance of interred, small working resistance, abrading endurance. The machine uses the combined mold to ridge: First, making narrower ridge in disc harrow. Second, widening the ridge further in bigger disc harrow. Third, widening the ridge again in ploughshare. Last, shaping the ridge in the shaping device.This paper designed the whole machine in Pro/ENGINEER, created the three dimensional model and optimized the whole machine. And it simulated the wheel and the crush equipment with the simulation software of ADAMS and got the movement track of the crush equipment. And it also analyzed the under stress of the main parts in ANSYS.更多还原