【作者】 张玉国；

【导师】 赵湛；

【作者基本信息】 中国科学院研究生院（电子学研究所） ， 物理电子学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Networks，WSNs)涉及众多学科，已经成为目前IT领域中的研究热点之一。在影响WSNs的工作寿命的众多因素中，节点的能量是其中最为重要的。因此，研究WSNs的能量供应技术具有重要意义。本文总结了WSNs节点的一般设计原则，采用了分层复用的设计方法，研制出实现不同通信距离的两种节点；采用两路供电方案，其中一路可关断，有利于节约能量；添加了锂电池能量计量与充放电保护功能，以便与能量供给系统配合。在研究了超级电容和锂电池特性的基础上，设计了基于环境能量挖掘技术的传感器节点能量供给系统。采用太阳能电池为能量挖掘装置，以超级电容和锂电池为能量内存组成多级能量存储结构；采用两个容量为25F，额定电压为2.7V的超级电容串连组成能量存储器；采用额定电压为3.7V的锂电池作为后备能量存储器。该系统与节点配合，能够自主从环境中采集能量，并为系统提供能量。设计了基于嵌入式操作系统μCOS-Ⅱ的系统软件，满足实时功能要求。根据功能需求划分了任务并合理分配优先级，从而能量存储器状态的监控、能量信息的发送和能量存储器的切换可以实时完成。完成了系统性能的测试，并对测试结果进行了分析。以1％工作周期工作，两级能量存储器可供系统工作24.6小时，基本达到了自主工作的要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) refer to many disciplines, and presently it hasbeen the research focus in IT field. In all of the factors affecting the life-span ofWireless Sensor Network (WSNs), the most important one is the power of WSNsnode. Therefore, researching the WSNs node power supply is very important.This paper described the common disciplines of node design. Layer DivisionMultiplexing was adopted in order to realize two kinds of nodes which have differentcommunication distance. The node has two power supply routes, one of which can beturned off to save energy. To match power supply system, the charge and dischargeprotection and estimating the rest remaining capacity of Li-ion battery is realized.Based on the research on the characteristics of super capacity and Li-ion battery, thenode power supply system of environment energy was designed. The system usessolar cell as energy scavenging device, and super capacity and Li-ion batteryconstitute multilevel energy storage structure. The energy store device consists of twosuper capacities in series which both have the rating voltage of 2.7V and capacitanceof 25F. The energy storage and support device consists of Li-ion battery. The systemcooperates with the node to scavenge energy from environment and supply it for thenode.The system software has been designed based on the embedded operation system,μCOS-Ⅱ. The software is divided into several tasks with different priorities to meetthe demand that the system could monitor the energy status of the energy store device,implement the energy information data sending, and switching among energy storedevices.The characteristics of the system were tested and the results were analyzed. Withthe duty cycle of 1%, two energy store devices can supply node for 24.6 hours. Theperformance of the system has achieved the design target approximately.更多还原