【作者】 李侠；

【导师】 薛涛； 何力；

【作者基本信息】 贵州大学 ， 材料学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文选用了三种抗菌剂：Ce⁴⁺／ZnO复合抗菌剂、磷酸盐玻璃载银抗菌剂以及发泡体系专用的液体Biofoam（异丙醇载季铵盐）抗菌剂，其中Ce⁴⁺／ZnO复合粉体是通过工艺优化自制而得的抗菌剂。实验研究了三种抗菌剂的抗菌性能，并将这些抗菌剂应用到聚合物中制成了抗菌塑料。实验以纳米ZnO为载体，确定了Ce⁴⁺／ZnO复合抗菌剂的最佳制备工艺，考察了不同ZnO、Ce⁴⁺比例下的掺杂情况，采用抑菌圈实验和最小抑菌浓度实验来检测其抗菌性能，并对其抗菌机理进行了探索研究。实验结果表明，纳米ZnO对稀土Ce⁴⁺的吸附率很高，可达100％，且几乎不受ZnO与Ce⁴⁺摩尔比的影响。掺杂Ce⁴⁺明显提高了纳米ZnO的光催化效果和抗菌性能，Ce⁴⁺／ZnO复合抗菌剂对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度为100mg／l，对金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度为150mg／l，达到了较好的抗菌效果。将该复合抗菌剂应用到聚合物中，以PE为基体树脂，通过熔融共混挤出工艺制备了Ce⁴⁺／ZnO抗菌聚乙烯塑料，研究结果表明，当抗菌剂粉体的添加量为PE的1％时，PE抗菌塑料的性价比达到最佳，具有优异、长效的抗菌性能，其对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌率均达到97％以上，并且对大肠杆菌的抗菌效果要优于金黄色葡萄球菌。磷酸盐玻璃载银抗菌剂具有极强的抗菌性能，其对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度为50mg／l，对金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度为100mg／l，达到了优异的抗菌效果。实验还对以磷酸盐玻璃载银抗菌剂制备的聚丙烯复合材料进行了性能研究。结果表明，当抗菌剂粉体的添加量为PP的2‰时，抗菌率就能达到99％以上，制备出的抗菌PP塑料具有优异、长效的抗菌性能。在捏合法、单螺杆挤出法和双螺杆挤出法三种方法制备抗菌母粒的共混工艺中，实验结果表明采用双螺杆挤出法制备抗菌母粒，再将其添加到PE中制成抗菌塑料的方法最可行，制成的抗菌聚合物抗菌效果最好。添加抗菌母粒制备抗菌塑料的方法能够使抗菌剂集中并均匀的分散在基体树脂的表面，并对基体树脂的力学性能不会产生明显的影响。采用磷酸盐玻璃载银抗菌剂和Biofoam发泡专用液体抗菌剂制成了微孔发泡抗菌聚合物，结果表明所制备的微孔发泡抗菌PP既具有优异的抗菌效果又具有长效的抗菌性能。并且微孔发泡与抗菌具有协同作用，微孔发泡抗菌PP与未加抗菌剂的纯发泡样相比，其抗拉强度略有降低，断裂伸长率、弯曲强度和室温冲击强度都有所升高，密度略有增大。加入抗菌剂对发泡制品的发泡率、泡孔的数目和泡孔的分布情况影响不大，而且磷酸盐玻璃载银抗菌剂在发泡体系中还具有细化泡孔的效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, we chose three antimicrobial agents: Ce⁴⁺/ZnO composite antimicrobial agent、Ag-carrying phosphate glass antimicrobial agent and Biofoam liquid antimicrobial agent which was used in the foaming system. The Ce⁴⁺/ZnO composite antimicrobial agent powder was self-prepared by optimization technology. The experiment studied on the antimicrobial activity of the three antimicrobial agents, and we applied them to the polymer to prepare antimicrobial plastics.With nano- ZnO as carrier, the Ce⁴⁺/ZnO composite antimicrobial agent was prepared by the best technology. The influences of different proportion of ZnO and Ce⁴⁺ on doping ratio were investigated. The antimicrobial activity was examined through the experiment of antibacterium-circle and MIC （Minimal inhibitory concentration）, and the antibacterial mechanism of the compound antimicrobial agent was also studied. The results showed that the adsorption rate of the nano- ZnO for Ce⁴⁺ was 100%, and the ratio of ZnO to Ce⁴⁺ had little effect. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity and photocatalytic activity of the nano- ZnO had been evidently improved through doping rare earth cerium. The MIC of Ce⁴⁺/ZnO composite antimicrobial agent against Escherichia. Coli was 100mg/l, and Staphylococcus. Aureus was 150mg/l, it had good antimicrobial effect. We applied it to the polymer with PE as the matrix resin to prepare Ce⁴⁺/ZnO antimicrobial polyethylene plastics by the extrusive technology of melting blend. The results showed that, PE antimicrobial plastics showed high rate of properties to prices by adding 1% antimicrobial agents, and had excellent and long-acting antibacterial activities. Their antibacterial rates were all above 97% against Escherichia.Coli and Staphylococcus. Aureus, also the antibacterial effect against Escherichia.Coli was better than that of Staphylococcus. Aureus.Ag-carrying phosphate glass antimicrobial agent had excellent antimicrobial activity, its MIC against Escherichia. Coli was 50mg/l, and Staphylococcus. Aureus was 100mg/l. We also studied on the properties of antibacterial polypropylene compound material with Ag-carrying phosphate glass antimicrobial agent. The experiment results showed that the antibacterial efficiency of PP was above 99% by adding 2‰antimicrobial agents, and the PP antimicrobial plastic had excellent and long-acting antibacterial activities.We chose three methods to prepare antimicrobial masterbatches: mediate method、single screw extrusive method and twin screw extrusive method. The results showed that the best way was adopted twin screw extrusive method to prepare antimicrobial masterbatches, then applied the antimicrobial masterbatches to polyethylene to prepare antimicrobial plastics. The antimicrobial plastics had the best antimicrobial effect by this way. The method of preparing antibacterial plastic by adding antibacterial masterbatches could bring antimicrobial agent concentrated and symmetrical to the surface of matrix resin, and the mechanical property of matrix resin was not affected.We prepared microcellular foamed antimicrobial polymer with Ag-carrying phosphate glass antimicrobial agent and Biofoam liquid antimicrobial agent which was used in the foaming system. The results showed that the microcellular foamed antimicrobial PP had excellent antibacterial effect and long-acting antibacterial activities. Microcellular foam worked in coordination with antimicrobial effect. Compared the microcellular foamed antimicrobial PP with the foamed PP samples without antimicrobial agent, its Tensile Strength was lower, but the Elongation at Break、Flexure Strength、Impact Strength at room temperature and the Density were higher. Antimicrobial agent had little affected about the foaming rate、cell amounts and the cell distribution. Also Ag-carrying phosphate glass antimicrobial agent had the effect of reducing in the cell size of the foaming system.更多还原