【作者】 谢付杰；

【导师】 廖铁军；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 土壤学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 土地作为稀缺的自然资源，是人类生存和发展的基础，同时又是重要的生产资料。随着人口的增长和社会经济的发展，人口和土地的矛盾日趋尖锐，随之而来的环境问题也日益突出。人口的不断增加、城镇化进程的不断加快，造成社会各行业用地矛盾突出、土地质量下降、生态环境的不断恶化，严重制约了经济的可持续发展。如何合理利用和优化配置有限的土地资源，编制科学的土地利用总体规划，使之促进社会、经济和生态的可持续发展，已成为现阶段我国土地管理的重要任务。本文在总结已有研究成果的基础上，选取地处三峡库区腹地的重庆市万州区为研究对象，以1997—2005年土地变化资料、相关社会经济和自然资料为基础，以生态安全和可持续发展为理论指导，研究土地利用总体规划和生态规划相结合的规划体系。针对新一轮土地利用总体规划修编的要求，本论文研究是以2005年为基期年，2006—2010年为近期规划目标年、2011—2020为远期规划目标年，以土地利用总体规划的效应不导致土地生态环境的退化和不超过土地生态阈值及其他宏观经济条件为约束条件，建立基于生态理念的多目标土地利用总体规划模型，用层次分析法评价模型的最优解(或非劣解)，确定最优土地利用总体规划决策方案，根据万州区自然和社会经济资料和区域生态发展需要，划分土地生态功能区，并提出合理安排产业布局建议。研究内容、方法和研究成果主要包括一下几个方面：(1)根据万州区1997—2005年土地利用变更调查数据及图件，通过土地利用结构、程度、布局、效益、变化和生态安全分析得出：①万州区以农用地为主，占土地总面积78.83％，未利用地次之，占土地总面积的11.22％，建设用地最小，占土地总面积的9.95％，土地结构不合理。②万州区土地利用率为88.78％，农用地指数为78.83％，城镇化水平为46.0％，高于重庆市平均水平。③坡耕地多，林地分布较集中，建设用地布局分散。④用地效益高于重庆市的平均水平，但人均GDP、人均耕地低于重庆市平均水平。⑤万州区土地变化速度很快，变化的主要原因是库区建设、退耕还林和城镇建设。在土地利用动态度方面，水利设施用地的动态度最高，在数量方面耕地减少最多。⑥万州区由于不合理的土地利用，导致了一系列生态环境问题。(2)在对土地利用结构、布局、利用效益和土地利用变化分析的基础上，多方面分析经济、社会和环境各因子与土地利用之间的关系，从土地资源利用特点和社会发展要求出发，设置11个土地利用类型，构建了经济生态指标、社会生态指标、自然生态指标和宏观计划的12个约束条件，建立了经济、社会和生态效益最大化的目标函数。通过对模型的求解，得出三组模型的非劣解。万州区土地利用的最终目标是在满足生态建设的前提下，尽可能的满足经济和社会的发展的要求，因此根据三种效益及各自因子的相对重要性，赋予各自相应的权重，用层次分析法，评价三种规划方案，根据评价结果，方案Ⅰ的评价分值高，采取方案Ⅰ为土地利用规划决策方案。将规划决策方案的生态效益与2005年土地利用生态效益进行比较分析，得出规划决策方案的生态效益优于2005年的土地利用生态效益，同时经济和社会效益也得到了提高。说明了基于生态理念的多目标土地利用总体规划模型确定的规划方案合理。(3)传统的土地利用总体规划方法通常采用线性规划和灰色线性规划确定土地利用结构调整方案，通过模型运行结果比较，得出基于生态理念的多目标规划模型确定的方案在经济效益、社会效益和生态效益均大于线性规划和灰色线性规划模型确定方案，说明基于生态理念的多目标规划模型确定的结果比常规规划模型确定的结果更加合理。(4)根据万州区土地利用、区位、地质地貌和资源条件将区域内土地分为四个生态功能区：生态城镇建设发展区、生态农业区、旅游资源开发区、生态保护区，提出各功能区的土地利用布局，使区域内的土地资源得到有效的保护，促进区域经济、社会和环境的可持续发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 As one of the scarce natural resources, Land is not only the foundation of human survival and development but also an important producing material. With the growth of the population and the development of social economy, the conflict between population and land become more and more sharp. Besides, the environmental problem also appears followed. The fact that is continuous increase of population and the acceleration of the process of urbanization results in the problem of land use, the quality of land is declining, the ecological environment is becoming worse, which restricts the sustainable development of economy. How to use and allocate limited land resource and draw up scientific overall land use planning and make the plan promote the sustainable development of society economy and ecosystem, has become the main task of land management at present.This paper based on the summary of the achievements of research, selected a case study on Wanzhou district with data of land changing, related social economy and natural resources from 1997 to 2005 and studied on the planning system connecting overall land use land planning with ecological plan based on the principle of ecological safety and sustainable development. Meeting the writing requirements of the new round overall land use planning, the year of 2005 as a base year, the years between 2006 and 2010 as the short time target period, the years between 2011-2020 as long time target period, it takes the utility of the overall land use planning not result in the degeneration of land ecological environment and not exceed the ecological Threshold of land as Constraint Conditions, other macroeconomic situation is also Constraint Conditions, build up the model of overall land use planning with multi-objective based on ecological principle, use AHP to evaluate the Optimal Solutions of model(or not inferior solutions), decide optimal decision proposal of overall land use planning, divide land ecological Functional Domain based on natural and social economic data in Wanzhou district and the need of ecological development. The contents and achievements of this study include several aspects as follows:(1) According to investment data of land use changing during 1997-2005 in Wanzhou, it can conclude, based on the analysis of structure of land use, degree, layout, benefit ,change and environmental safety :①The agricultural land is mainly in Wanzhou and accounts for 78.83% of total land area .The second way of land use is unwrought land, it accounts for 11.22% of total land area. The construction land only account for 9.95% of total land area. The structure of land use is unsuitable.②The rate of land use is 88.78% and the index of agricultural land is 78.33% and the lever of urbanization is 46.00% in Wanzhou, which is over the average lever of chongqing,③Sloped infield is much with the distribute of woodland is concentrated and the layout of construction land is scattered.④The benefit of land use is higher than to the average lever of chongqing, but per capital GDP and farmland areas per person is lower than to the average lever of chongqing.⑤The speed of land change is fast in Wanzhou, the main reasons for which are the construction of reservoir, the action of returning cultivated land to forest and the construction of cities and towns. The dynamic degree of water conservancy is highest in the dynamic degree of land use, the reduce of cultivated land is the most in quantity.(2) At the base of the analysis of the structure of land use, degree, layout, benefit and change, analysis the relation between economy, society, environment and land use from many aspects, set up 11 type of land use from the character of land use and the requirement of social development, construct 12 restraint terms of the economy ecological index, nature ecological index and macroscopic planning, set up objective function of economy, society and the maximum of ecological benefit. It can get the not inferior solutions of 3 group model by resolve the model. The final object of land use in Wanzhou is at the premise of ecological priority, so according with 3 type benefit and the comparative importance of each factor, give each factor an appropriate weight, use AHP to appraise 3 type plan, the mark of first plan is highest by the result of apprise, take the first plan as the final decision plan. Through the comparative analysis of the ecology benefit of plan decision scheme with that of land utilization in 2005.1 come to the conclusion that the ecology benefit of plan decision scheme is superior to that of land utilization in 2005. Meanwhile, the economic benefit and social benefit also obtain improvement. This shows that the plan scheme comes from the multi- goals overall land utilization plan model which based on ecological idea is reasonable.(3) The traditional method of overall land use planning always uses liner planning or gray liner planning to decide the structural adjustment plan of land use, it can get the final plan with multi-objective based on ecological principle by compare the result of model, this plan superior to the plan decided by liner planning or gray liner planning in the benefit of economy, society and ecology, it shows that the result decided by the plan with multi-objective based on ecological principle is more suitable than the result decided by the normal plan model.(4) It can divide the Wanzhou into 4 zoology functional area based on land use, location, geologic-geomorphologic and the conditions of resources: The ecological cities and towns construction development area, ecological agriculture area, the tour resource development area, the ecological protection area, and offer advice about industrial layout of every area .Let the land resource get the valid protection in Wanzhou, promoting the sustainable development of regional economy, society, and environment.更多还原