【作者】 钱仁卷；

【导师】 梁国鲁； 王碧青； 廖飞雄；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 花卉学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 金钱树（Zamioculcas zamiifolia）属天南星科，是国际新发掘的具独特观赏价值的室内观叶植物。引入中国后规模化生产发展很快，但对金钱树及其栽培技术研究较少。本文对其生长繁殖特性及不同苗龄植株生长特性作了初步观察；通过盆栽试验，研究采用单因素设计和正交L9（3³）设计分别进行了基质和施肥试验，测定了基质理化性质、植株生长速率、鲜重及干重、叶片叶绿素含量和净光合速率及叶片矿质养分含量等指标，提出了适宜金钱树生长的基质，初步探索了金钱树的需肥特性。主要的研究结果如下：1．金钱树具有独特的繁殖与生长方式。块茎是其主要的繁殖器官。叶芽从块茎上萌发形成地上部复叶，之后所产生的复叶从复叶总叶柄基部依次产生，一般每复叶上仅有一新复叶从基部形成。块茎会衍生数量不等的小块茎而繁殖。3～11月为复叶生长期，可分叶芽形成期、快速生长期、成熟期。一般每年每植株衍生2～3片复叶。2．基质栽培试验结果表明：Klasmann泥炭通透性及保肥保水性优良（总孔隙度89.17％，持水孔隙72.89％）、pH值相对稳定、有机质（含量77.21％）和养分含量丰富，因而栽培的金钱树生长较优，植株生物量显著大于其余三种基质处理，其叶干重和植株总干重分别比普通泥炭、普通泥炭：珍珠岩（3∶1）、普通泥炭：珍珠岩（6∶1）处理高出101.4％、71.7％、76.6％和40.9％、28.9％、31.4％，根系干、鲜重分别比普通泥炭处理高出31.3％和45.9％。单一普通泥炭通透性及保肥保水性相对较差（总孔隙度67.11％，通气孔隙7.88％），养分含量相对较低（有机质含量48.50％），栽培后pH值下降幅度大，栽培的金钱树生长较差。普通泥炭加入珍珠岩后基质通透性有所改善，金钱树生长要优于单一普通泥炭栽培，但对照Klasmann泥炭，还未达到理想标准，需在保水保肥、pH稳定、养分含量上进一步改进。3．金钱树以氮肥量200mg·L¹时生长表现最佳，其各项生长指标综合优于100mg·L¹和300mg·L¹，其中植株叶干重比100mg·L^-1处理增加了13.6％。磷肥以50mg·L^-1用量时植株生长发育最好，其中根系鲜重、根系干重、叶干重以及植株总干重分别比25mg·L^-1处理增加了12.9％、11.1％、18.4％和13.4％。钾肥以350mg·L^-1用量时植株生长发育最好，生物量最大，其叶干重分别比150mg·L^-1、250mg·L^-1处理增加了12.4％和10.1％，植株总干重比150mg·L^-1处理增加了7.6％。适合金钱树生长发育的最佳氮磷钾用量分别为N200mg·L^-1、P₂O₅50mg·L^-1、K₂O₃50mg·L^-1，即N：P₂O₅：K₂O分别为4∶1∶7。更多还原

【Abstract】 Zamioculcas zamiifolia, a member of the family Araceae, as an indoor foliage plant with unique ornamental value was developed in recent years in the world. After being introduced to China, the commercial production developed rapidly. But little information is available regarding Zamioculcas zamiifolia and its cultivation. Growth characteristics and propagation characteristics of one-year old, two-year old and three-year old seedling of Zamioculcas zamiifolia were observed. The single-factor design and orthogonal design L9 （3³） were used to carry out the containerized experiments of substrates and fertilization respectively. Different morphologic features of plant, wet weight and dry weight, Leaves chlorophyll value （SPAD）, Net photosynthetic rate, leaf nutrients and the physical and chemical characteristics of substrates were measured seven months later. Suitable substrate for the growth of Zamioculcas zamiifolia was suggested, and proper level of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium was put forward in this paper. The results were as follows:1. Zamioculcas zamiifolia has unique characteristics of the growth and propagation. A pinnate leaflets arises directly from rhizome which is the main propagation organ. Later, the secondary pinnate leaflets arises one after the other from the base of petiole. In general, only one pinnate leaflets arises from the base of every pinnate leaflets. Zamioculcas zamiifolia propagates by rhizome division. The growth stage of pinnate leaflets is from March to November, which divides into the formation phrase of leaf bud, the rapid growth phrase of pinnate leaflets, the mature phrase of pinnate leaflets. Every plant arise 2 to 3 pinnate leaflets annually.2. Substrates experiment indicates that the growth of Zamioculcas zamiifolia in Klasmann peat was better than in single peat （from Guangdong）, 3peat （from Guangdong）: 1perlite （v/v） and 6peat （from Guangdong） :1perlite （v/v）. Because of Klasmann peat with properties of high porosity （total porosity of 89.17%, moisture content of 72.89%）, pH stabilization, high content of organic matter （77.21%） and nutrient. Plant biomass production was significant greater in the Klasmann peat than in single peat （from Guangdong） , 3peat （from Guangdong） :1perlite （v/v） and 6peat （from Guangdong） : 1perlite （v/v）.The dry weight （leaves and total plant） increased by 101.4%, 71.7%, 76.6% and 40.9%, 28.9%, 31.4% than that of single peat （from Guangdong） , 3peat （from Guangdong）:1perlite （v/v） and 6peat （from Guangdong）:1perlite （v/v） respectively. The wet weight （roots） and dry weight （roots） increased by 31.3% and 45.9% than that of single peat （from Guangdong） respectively. The single peat （from Guangdong） has low porosity （total porosity of 67.11%, air space of 7.88%）, low content of organic matter （48.50%） and obvious declining of pH after treatment, so the growth of Zamioculcas zamiifolia was of a sort in it. The substrate’s porosity was improved after adding perlite to peat （from Guangdong）, in which the growth of Zamioculcas zamiifolia was better than in single peat （from Guangdong）. But compared to Klasmann peat, the following properties of peat （from Guangdong） need to improve: the moisture content of porosity, property of pH stabilization and content of nutrient.3. For Zamioculcas zamiifolia, the growth performance was better with 200mg·L^-1N and various growth index were better than that of 100mg·L^-1 and 300mg·L^-1 as a whole, the dry weight of leaf plant increased by 13.6% than that of the treatment of 100 mg·L^-1.The growth performance was better with 50mg·L^-1 P₂O₅, compared with 25mg·L^-1P₂O₅, the wet weight of roots and dry Weight（roots, leaves and total plant） increased by 12.9%,11.1%,18.4%,13.4% respectively. With 350mg·L^-1K₂O, the growth performance was better and plant biomass production was greater, the dry weight of leaves increased by 12.4% and 10.1% than that of the treatment of 150mg·L^-1 and 250mg·L^-1 respectively, the dry weight of total plant increased by 7.6% than that of the treatment of 150 mg·L^-1. In the condition of this experiment, the optimum fertilization concentration of NPK for Zamioculcas zamiifolia was N200mg·L^-1, P₂O₅ 50mg·L^-1, K₂O350mg·L^-1, namely N: P2O5:K2O was 4:1:7 respectively.更多还原