【作者】 李成春；

【导师】 胡华斌；

【作者基本信息】 中国科学院研究生院（西双版纳热带植物园） ， 生态学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 随着人口的迅速增长,人类活动的不断加剧,作为人类生存的最重要物质基础的生物多样性已经受到了严重的威胁和破坏。在我国,这种情况尤为严重,不少开发建设活动已经逐步扩展到了一些自然保护区内,对保护区内及周边的生物多样性构成了威胁。为了协调发展经济和保护生物多样性之间的矛盾,有必要开展关于开发建设项目对生物多样性影响的评价工作,就开发建设项目对生物多样性的影响做出科学的评价,为决策者提供决策支持。因而迫切需要制定一套生物多样性影响评价的指标体系和评价方法。本项研究以生态学原理和可持续发展理论为指导,充分吸收国内外生物多样性评价的研究成果,在自然保护区环境评价及生态评价的基础上,针对云南省自然保护区现状及开发建设项目的特点,通过专家调查法,确定了建立评价指标体系的原则,构建了一套包含有六个方面共28项量化指标的评价指标体系以及评价方法在内的自然保护区生物多样性影响评价程序。然后选择盈江县勐乃河梯级电站建设项目,运用动态和静态分析相结合,定性和定量分析相结合的方法,对所建立的生物多样性评价指标体系进行实例研究,验证了该指标体系和评价方法的适用性。在实例研究的基础上,对指标体系进行了必要的修正和完善,使本项研究成果能尽快应用于自然保护与经济建设的实践之中。最后,对本指标体系和评价方法的特点、优缺点做了系统的分析,并对如何运用该指标体系和评价方法提出了一些建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the increase of population and frequent developmental activities, biodiversity which we depend upon for life has been seriously threatened. Many development activities have extended into nature reserves and surrounding areas, and thrown lots of species into plight. In order to keep economic development and biodiversity conservation in line, technical criteria to evaluate the possible impact of developmental activities on biodiversity in nature reserves must be properly established, therefore, providing administrators with solid scientific foundation to support viable management decision making. To attain that goal, a set of indicators for biodiversity impact assessment (BIA) and operable methods procedures must be established.Based on ecological principles and sustainable development theories, and referring to relevant assessment studies, this study was carried out, Delphi method was adopted throughout the process. According to the situations of developmental activities and the general conditions of nature reserves in Yunnan province, preliminarily formulated BIA criteria were consulted with a number of selected experts for four rounds and then tested through a case study. After the consultation meetings and case study, the BIA criteria were modified accordingly.The results of the study include: 1) guiding principles for formulating BIA criteria; 2) specific indicators for BIA, which covers 28 quantitative indicators under 6 different aspects, and 3) general methods and procedures for application.A case study to test the applicability of the initially established criteria was carried out in the Mengnai River watershed within the northern part of Tongbiguan Nature Reserve (Xima sub-reserve), where a 4th level cascading hydropower station has been planned. The initially prepared criteria were then applied and modified accordingly. Weight given to each category and each quantitative indicator were also validated based on case study and expert consultation.As this study is an explorative research work, the result achieved is rather preliminary, further studies on the aspects of proper experts selection, adjustment of indicators, etc. are discussed.更多还原