【作者】 何东洋；

【导师】 王锋； 顾荫民；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 养殖， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 为了给淮安地区的奶牛养殖场制定科学的乳房炎防治方案，从2005年5月-2006年5月，首先在淮安市的4个县区，抽样1600头2—8岁的分娩奶牛，进行乳房炎的发病情况调查，再抽取64头患乳房炎奶牛，取其乳汁进行细菌分离、鉴定与药敏试验，又抽样100头分娩奶牛，进行奶牛乳房炎的中药预防试验。经研究发现：1．淮安地区的奶牛隐性乳房炎头平均发生率56.06±4.58％，乳区平均发生率26.06±1.02％；临床型乳房炎头平均发生率8.63±1.15％，乳区平均发生率3.59±0.57％；奶牛乳房炎的发病率和季节、不同饲养方式等相关，但差异不明显。2．淮安地区奶牛乳房炎的主要病原菌为葡萄球菌、链球菌、肠道杆菌。病原菌的大体分布为：金黄色葡萄球菌占24.3％；表皮葡萄球菌占12.2％；无乳链球菌占16.5％；停乳链球菌占8.7％；乳房链球菌占4.3％；化脓链球菌占1.7％：大肠杆菌占14.8％；变形杆菌占5.2％；克雷伯氏菌占1.7％；沙门氏菌占3.5％；绿脓杆菌占1.7％；棒状杆菌占1.7％：念珠菌占3.5％。3．淮安地区奶牛乳房炎病原菌的分布季节差异显著：夏秋季节球菌感染较多，冬春季节肠道杆菌感染较多。4．经药敏试验得知，常用药物青霉素、氨苄青霉素、链霉素对淮安地区奶牛乳房炎病原的抑菌效果普遍较差，大多数细菌对其有耐药性。不常用的药物氟苯尼考的抑菌效果极好。5．用自拟中药配方预防奶牛乳房炎，效果显著，试验组奶牛乳房炎发生率为12％，对照组为42％，2组差异明显(P＜0.05)。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to make a scientific plan to prevent cow mastitis for dairyfarms in Huai’an, from May, 2005 to April, 2006, 1,600 puerperal cowsof 2-8 years old were sampled and studied so as to find the regularity ofcow mastitis in 4 counties of Huaian. 64 samples of latex from cows thatsuffered from mastitis were isolated and identified for bacteria. Eventually,100 parturition cows were sampled for prophylactic trial based on chinesetraditional medicine.The results of investigation and study are as follows:1.In Huai’an, the subclinical mastitis cattle positive incidence was56.06±4.58％on average, the udder region positive incidence was26.06±1.02％on average; the clinical mastitis cattle positive incidence was8.63±1.15％on average, while the udder region positive incidence was3.59±0.57％on average. The cow mastitis is related to seasons anddifferent ways of cultivation, but the differences are not significant.2. In Huai’an, the pathogen which cause the cow mastitis are mainlyinclude Staph、Streptoc、Bacterium entericum, which as follows,Staphylococcus aureus account for 24.3％; Staphylococcus epidermidisaccount for 12.2％; Streptococcus agalactiae account for 16.5％;Streptococcus dysgaIactiae account for 8.7％; Streptococcus uberisaccount for 4.3％; Diapyesis streptoc account for 1.7％; Bacillus E.coliaccount for 14.8％; Bacillus proteus account for 5.2％; Klebsiella speciesaccount for 1.7％; Samonella account for 3.5％; Bacillus aeruginosusaccount for 1.7％; Corynebacterium account for 1.7％; Monilia accountfor 3.5％.3.In different seasons, the pathogenic pathogen is significant in Huai’an,infection of Staph is the main reason in summer and autumn, whileinfection of Bacterium entericum is the main reason in spring and winter.4.The drug sensitive test study showed that, because of drug resistance, often-used drug such as penicilin、ampicil、phytomycin are not satisfied. Butflorfenicol is much better.5.It is evident to prevent the cow mastiffs by the Chinese traditionalmedicine which are mixed by ourselves, the rate of cow mastiffs ofexperiment group is only 12％, while the control group is 42％, thedifference is significant (P＜0.05).更多还原