【作者】 张亮；

【导师】 沈恒根； 马承愚；

【作者基本信息】 东华大学 ， 环境工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 随着国民经济快速发展，工业垃圾和城市生活垃圾在成倍增加。垃圾焚烧处理在世界各国得到广泛的应用。为有效地控制垃圾焚烧炉大气污染物的排放，国家《生活垃圾焚烧污染控制标准》（GB18485—2001）规定：垃圾焚烧炉的除尘装置必须采用袋式除尘器。由于我国的垃圾成分复杂，焚烧过程排放的烟气中水汽和酸碱成分含量较大，造成袋式除尘滤料因腐蚀、水解问题影响使用寿命，难以适应垃圾焚烧炉烟气净化长期稳定可靠运行的要求。本课题源自上海市联盟计划项目“PTFE短纤维及其滤料制品国产化”课题，针对PTFE纤维国产化后针刺滤料及其复合滤料研发进行滤料的耐腐蚀破坏性试验和过滤性能的试验研究。针对PPS、PTFE、GLASS、PSA四种纤维及其滤料的应用情况及性能特点，分析它们作为垃圾焚烧炉高温烟气净化用袋式除尘滤料的可用性，提出新型滤料技术，命名为华森特C滤料。该技术采用多种纤维材料复合和进行后整理，开发低成本高性能的用于垃圾焚烧炉的滤料。针对实际应用中滤料因腐蚀出现使用寿命短的问题，对中碱玻璃纤维进行PTFE乳液渗透式覆膜处理，减弱酸碱性成分侵蚀滤料，防止纤维的氧化和水解：针对实际应用中的过滤要求，将滤料分为几个不同致密度和不同粗细纤维的过滤层，具有梯度的结构，使清灰变得容易，粉尘不易在滤料内部滞留，以提高过滤精度，降低过滤阻力。设计模拟工况下对选取的七种滤料的酸碱破坏性试验，试验结果表明：华森特C滤料由于其原料中碱玻璃纤维表面经过PTFE乳液渗透式覆膜处理，经酸腐蚀后耐腐蚀性能较好；华森特C滤料由于其设计特性应用在垃圾焚烧炉含碱、高湿状态的烟尘中不会影响使用寿命。因此华森特C滤料的耐腐蚀性能能够满足实际工程对滤料使用寿命的要求。设计清洁状态和发尘状态下七种滤料的过滤性能测试试验，试验结果表明：华森特C滤料具有梯度结构，在过滤模式上为表面过滤，因此在七种滤料中的过滤效率较高，接近于过滤性能最好的PTFE覆膜滤料，其透气性也在七种滤料中较好，可以满足实际应用中的过滤低阻高效要求。北京高安屯医疗垃圾焚烧二号线系统袋式除尘器进口最大含尘浓度为30g／Nm³，烟气最高温度220℃，烟气含SO₂最大浓度4000mg／Nm³，含HCl最大浓度800mg／Nm³，最高含水率30％。根据工程要求，排放的烟气浓度最高不得超过40mg／Nm³，过滤效率为99.9％。采用华森特C滤料制作滤袋，使用寿命有待于使用时间的进一步考验。更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with the fast development of national economy, industrial refuse and municipal solid waste are increasing by several times. The rubbish incineration treatment is wildly applied all over the world. In order to make the atmosphere contamination from rubbish incinerator under control effectively, the Standard for pollution control on the municipal solid waste incineration (GB18485-2001) stipulates that the bag filter must be used as the device for dust separation of rubbish incinerator. Because the composition of the rubbish in China is complex, the moisture content and acidity, alkalinity component content are bigger than those in foreign countries. The filter material are affected to have a short usable lifetime because of the chemistry corrosion and hydrolyze. The filter material can’t accord with the practical needs.This paper is based on the "Item of Shanghai alliance project"—the "Localization of shortPTFE fibre and PTFE filter material" task. The paper is about the corrosion resistance performance and filter performance experimental study on PTFE needle filter material and PTFE compound filter material after the localization of PTFE fibre.Analyse the usability of the PPS, PTFE, GLASS and PSA fibre as the filter material of bag filter for cleaning high-temperature flue gas of rubbish incinerator according to the application and performances of the four kinds of fiber and their filter material. Bring forward a new filter material technology, and name it HST C filter material. The technology uses several kinds of fibre and makes downstream treatment to research and development low-cost and high performance filter material for rubbish incinerator.In order to solve the problem of short usable lifetime when the filter material suffering corrosion, the GLASS filter material is steeped by PTFE, and the surface layer of the GLASS fibre is conglutinated PTFE membrane. It is significant for corrosion resistance, oxygenation resistant and the water-refuse. In order to advance the filter performances, HST C filter material contain several filter layers with different density and fineness of fibre. The echelon configuration make it easy to clear dust. The dust are not easy to stay in filter material. The filter performances are advanced, and the filtration resistance fall.After the corrosion resistance performance experimental study on seven kinds of filter material in stimulant practical going, the experimental study show: HST C filter material have good corrosion resistance performance after acid corrosion, because the GLASS filter material is steeped by PTFE, and the surface layer of the GLASS fibre is conglutinated PTFE membrane. HST C filter material’s usable lifetime can’t be affected when used in flue gas of rubbish incinerator’s alkalescence and high-humidity condition because of the filter material’s configuration and performances. So HST C filter material’s corrosion resistance performance can meet the rubbish incinerator’s usable lifetime requirement.After the filter performance experimental study on seven kinds of filter material in clean state and dust state, the experimental study show: HST C filter material have good filter performance, close to the PTFE membrane filter material, which have the best filter performance. And HST C filter material’s gas permeability are better in the seven kinds of filter material. So HST C filter material can meet the rubbish incinerator’s filter requirement.In the bag filter of Gao’antun Medical Treatment rubbish incinerator No.2 system in Beijing, the biggest inlet concentration is 30g/Nm~3.The highest temperature of flue gas is 220°C.The biggest concentration of sulfur dioxide and hydrogen chloride is 4000mg/Nm~3 and 800mg/Nm~3.The biggest containing water rate is 30%. According to the requirement of the project, the biggest outlet concentration is 40mg/Nm~3.The filter efficiency is 99.9%. The filter bag is made of HST C filter material, and the usable lifetime waits for the testing of using time.更多还原