【作者】 裴烨青；

【导师】 刘振鸿；

【作者基本信息】 东华大学 ， 环境工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 作为全新居住理念的绿色生态住宅小区，在世界各国尚处于研究和探索阶段，虽然我国建设部已于2001年编制出《绿色生态住宅小区建设要点与技术导则》(以下简称《导则》)的国家标准，但目前我国尚无一座全方位符合标准的绿色生态住宅小区，亦尚未有人对《导则》中的九大系统进行过完整的系列论述。本文基于《导则》对九大系统的规范和要求，参考数部著名的国外标准，依靠独立研究和思考，分别对能源、水、气、声、光、热环境和绿化、废弃物管理与处理以及绿色建筑材料九大系统的构建来进行逐项论述，并通过数学方法建立一套实用的评价体系。由于绿色生态住宅小区是引领时代潮流的新事物，因而国内外对其认识和见解各不相同。对此，本文进行了去粗取精和归纳探索，力求简洁明了地概括出绿色生态住宅小区的含义和特点。规范九大系统的构建是本文的一个重要部分。在能源方面，本文论述了小区内大量住宅建筑在“建造能耗”和“使用能耗”这两个阶段中，力求做到合理配置，尽可能多地利用和使用绿色能源，从而优化和节约常规能源。在水环境生态化方面，本文一改普通小区“一条供水，一条排污”的传统做法，探索性地提出三供(一条直饮水、一条自来水、一条冲洗便器的中水)三排(一条专为粪便排污、一条为生活排水、一条为雨水收集排放，后两者作中水处理源)的供排水构建方法。在绿化方面，改变一般意义上的添绿，而最大程度地发挥小区绿地的生态和休闲两大功能，尤其是生态功能，进行有效设计和科学管理。在废弃物方面，对小区内居民日常生活所产生的生活垃圾，进行源头上控制产生，分类收集、压缩处理、储运密闭、并配置相应设施搞好严格管理，进行有效处置，把无害化、减量化和资源化落到实处。在绿色建材方面，从地基到房顶，由外(外部建造)至内(内部装修)，按施工顺序来逐项构建，始终贯穿了尽量使用已获国家认证，取得环境标志的绿色建筑材料或产品。在声环境方面，自小区选址建造始，在规划、布局等方面，由外(室外)而内(室内)逐项采取综合降噪措施，以确保符合既高于国家标准又严于国际标准的生态小区一系列限噪指标，真正构建出人性化的高质量声环境。在热环境方面，构建中力求安全、卫生、环保、节能，在室内保持一定的温、湿度，并能根据气候条件和居住功能的变化进行调节，满足人体健康、舒适要求。在光环境和气环境方面，均由室外和室内两部分来构建，使小区内的自然采光与人工照明，以及空气环境均达到质量要求和控制标准。本文以《导则》为基准，参考《中国生态住宅技术评估手册》、英国《生态家园》、美国《能源与环境设计引领者之绿色建筑评分体系》，制定了一套层次分析法与模糊数学法相结合的绿色生态住宅小区评级系统，并辅以一定程度的经济评价。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a new housing concept, the Ecological Residential Community is still in the progress of research globally. Although the Ministry of Construction P.R.C has worked out a national standard - "Outlines and Technical Principles for Green Ecological Residential Quarter Construction" （"Principles" for short hereinafter）, there is still none residential community in China wholly qualified for this standard, and there is still nobody dissertating the "Nine Systems" of this "Principles" comprehensively. According to the criteria and requirements of this "Principles", also with the help of several noted foreign standards, the dissertation will separately discuss the design of the "Nine Systems": residential power, water environment, air power, sound power, light power, thermal power, afforestation, waste disposition and management, and green construction material, by studying them thoroughly, and establish a practical rating system in the end. As the Ecological Residential Community is a trendily new concept, the comprehensions of it is hard to agree among scholars. Under this circumstance, the dissertation explore and summarize it refmedly, in order to outline the meaning and characteristics of the Ecological Residential Community.It is one important composition of this dissertation to standardize the design of the "Nine Systems". In residential power system, it is discussed how to optimize and save conventional energy, via arranging it reasonably and utilizing as more "green" power as possible, in the building and dwelling process. In water environment system, a "three flow pipes （one potable water pipe, one tap water pipe, one recycled water pipe）, three draining pipes （one toilet wastewater pipe, one daily wastewater pipe, one rain water pipe）" network will take place of the traditional "one flow pipe, one draining pipe" network. In afforestation system, greenbelt is supposed to designed and managed to exert its ecological and relaxing function, especially ecological function. In waste disposition and management system, the waste should be controlled as it is produced, by means of sorting, pressing, disposing, storing and conveying hermetically, to achieve the purpose of "Harmlessness, Reduction, Recycle". In green construction material system, the construction is supposed to built in a proper process, from groundwork to roof and from external rendering to internal fitment, with green construction materials certified by national standard. In sound power system, a sound insulation measure should be taken from outdoors to indoors, in order to make sure qualified for national and international standard. In thermal power system, it is demanded to keep certain warmth and humidity to make people feel amenity, on the basis of safety, hygiene, ecology, energy-saving. In air power and light power system, daylight, illumination and atmosphere in both outdoor and indoor environment ought to be designed to qualified for the standard.And then, on the basis of "Outlines and Technical Principles for Green Ecological Residential Quarter Construction", with references of "Technical Assessment Manual of Green Ecological Homes in China", "EcoHomes" of U.K, "Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Green Building Rating System^? - LEED" of U.S, a rating system of ecological residential community combined with Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP） and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation （FCE） is established. At last, a discuss about ecological residential community in economic and social respect is needed.更多还原