【作者】 鲍君善；

【导师】 王可；

【作者基本信息】 沈阳工业大学 ， 机械制造及其自动化， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 随着塑料材料在工业、农业以及日常生活中应用量的迅速增高，各式螺旋挤压混合技术广泛应用于塑料工业的成形工业中。挤出螺杆作为注塑挤出工艺的核心部件，它的形状越来越复杂，其加工技术也越来越受到人们的重视。如何提高复杂形状挤出螺杆的加工质量、加工效率以及如何降低成本，成为目前人们主要关注的问题。传统对挤出螺杆的加工一般应用成形法并在改进机械式机床或三轴数控机床上加工，采用自磨圆角或锥形的高速钢棒铣刀。随着螺杆形状和性能要求的提高，成形法加工效率和加工质量已经不能满足人们的要求。针对目前挤出螺杆连续变螺棱、变导程、变棱圆、变底径等复杂廓形，本文在研究挤出螺杆几何特性及螺旋面成形原理的基础上，提出了一种高效、经济、实用的挤出螺杆加工技术——指状铣刀包络加工方法，这种加工方法通过铣刀位置变化能够有效的对挤出螺杆棱圆进行包络加工，并且利用一把标准刀具能够实现在一根螺杆上连续变螺棱、变导程、变深等复杂形状的加工，加工效率比较高。本文通过对空间自由曲面、螺旋曲面加工方法的研究和归纳总结，进而建立加工过程模型，利用啮合原理及优化方法求解，最终确定了利用指状铣刀包络加工螺杆棱圆的刀具空间轨迹。文中设计了指状铣刀包络法所用的铣头装置，研究挤出螺杆的指状铣刀加工过程、设计合理的加工工艺、进行误差分析并减少加工误差、分析了工件的加工等一系列求解空间刀具轨迹数控技术关键问题，并且运用C++BuiIder编程语言来实现上述算法并编制易操作的软件界面。本项目研究在国内率先提出了在四轴联动数控机床上利用指状铣刀包络加工挤出螺杆的加工方法，重点是对螺杆棱圆的包络加工，并研制了加工所用机床。指状铣刀包络加工挤出螺杆时刀具切削平稳，加工效率高，其应用前景十分广阔。本方法无疑改变了国内挤出螺杆加工的现状，对提高我国挤压机行业的技术水平，推动国民经济的发展，将起到积极的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with the rapid development of plastic material using in industry, agriculture anddaily life, all kinds of spiral extrusion commixture technology are widely used in the plasticsforming industry. As the key part of extrusion technology, the shapes of extrusion screw aremore and more complicated; the processing technology also takes more and more people’svalue. How to enhance the processing quality of the extrusion screw, the processing efficiencyas well as how to reduce the cost have been concerned by present people. The traditionalprocessing method of extrusion screw usually uses forming process processing on theimproving machinery or three axes numerical control machine tool, adopting autogenouslygrinding round angle or conic high-speed steel milling cutter. But along with the improvementof the demand on the shape and function of extrusion screw, the processing efficiency andquality of forming process cannot be satisfied. In the view of complexity of the changeablepitch, changeable bottom diameter, changeable spiral angle of extrusion screw, this articlestudied on the base of studying the theory of geometry characteristic and helicoids forming,the article proposed a kind of highly effective, economical and practical extrusion screwprocessing technology: finger cutter envelope machining. This processing method mayprocess prismatic roundness of extrusion screw with envelope machining efficiently throughthe change of finger cutter’s location, and it can realize the complicated processing ofchangeable pitch, changeable bottom diameter and changeable spiral angle in the sameextrusion screw.On the base of studying and summarizing the processing method of free curved surface and spiral curved surface, building the model of processing process, finding the solution by making use of the engage principle and optimization method, in the end this article determines the method and step of the finger cutter spiral curved surface’s processing cutting tool space trajectory which uses the finger cutter envelope, designs the mill head which used in the milling cutter envelope to research the processing process of finger cutter’s milling cutter, design reasonable processing craft, carry on the error analysis and reduce processing error and analyze the work piece processing and so on a series of key solutions to NC technology of space cutting path, and utilize the C++BULIDER programming language, CAD/CAM software, SOLIDWORKS processing simulation software to realize the above algorithm and the simulation processing process.This research takes the lead in proposing the processing method of using the finger cutter envelope to milling the finger cutter on the base of four axes linkages NC machine in china, and developed the processing machine. It realizes smoother cutting of cutter, higher quality of finger cutter’s surface, more efficiency of processing when the finger cutter processed extrusion screw with envelope Machining. The application had broad prospect. This processing method is no doubt changes the national situation of processing extrusion screw as well as played the positive role to enhance the technical level of extruder industry in our country and impel the development of national economy.更多还原