【作者】 赵志芳；

【导师】 杨理践；

【作者基本信息】 沈阳工业大学 ， 测试计量技术及仪器， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 原油含水量是石油化工行业一个重要的参数，检测原油含水量是原油开采、脱水、处理、集输计量、储运销售及石油炼制等过程被普遍关注的问题。若原油含水量检测不准，将直接影响油井及油层动态分析，破坏电脱水器中电场，降低脱水效果，给原油集输造成很大能源浪费。但由于油水两相流流动体系极为复杂，致使水分含量测量难度较大，因此，原油含水率的实时准确测量成为油田亟待解决的问题。本文以含水原油为研究对象，在参阅国内外相关文献的基础上，对现有的几种原油含水率测试方法进行了归纳总结和比较，分析了各种测试方法的基本原理、应用范围和优缺点，并结合我国原油高粘度和高含水率的特点，选择了电磁波同轴相位法来测量原油含水率。应用电磁波在介质中传播时的相位常数会随介质的介电常数而变化的原理，采用同轴线作为传感器，使原油和水的混合物在传感器的内导体和外导体之间流过，通过测量传感器两端电磁波的相位变化实现了原油含水率的测量。设计了80MHz的高频电磁波产生和放大电路以及相位测量电路。应用单片机采集相位差测量电路输出的电压信号，并将数据送至上位机进行处理和显示。同时，设计了温度测量电路以消除温度变化对测量结果造成的不利影响。以10％为间隔点，对0～100％含水范围内的油水混合液进行了静态实验。实验结果表明，采用同轴线作为传感器，通过测量电磁波传播的相位变化来测量原油含水率的方法是可行的。应用该方法所设计的测量系统可以实现含水率的连续测量，在高含水率(70％～100％)阶段具有较好的线性度和准确度。更多还原

【Abstract】 The water content of crude oil is a key parameter in petroleum industry. The water content directly affects the crude oil exploitation, dehydration, transportation, measure, sale, smelting etc. The inaccurate measure of the water content will affect directly oil well and oil layer dynamic analysis, destroy the electrical field in the electric dehydrator, lower the dewatering effect, result in energy waste. However, it is difficult to measure the water content owing to the inherent complexity of the oil-water two-phase flow. So the on-line and accurate measurement of the water content of crude oil is an imminent demand for petroleum industry.The measurement object of the research in this paper is the crude oil with water content. Through studying the domestic and international related documents, the existing several test methods of water content of crude oil are summarized and compared. The basic principle, application, merits and shortcomings are analyzed. According to the feature of high viscosity and high water content of our country’s crude oil, the method of applying the phase difference of electromagnetic wave is selected to measure the water content in this paper. Because of the different dielectric property between oil and water, the phase constants are quite different when electromagnetic wave travels in them. The coaxial transmission line is taken as the sensor and oil/water mixture flow in the coaxial line. The water content can be measured through test the phase difference of the electromagnetic wave between two sides of the sensor. The circuits of producing and magnifying 80MHz signal and testing the phase difference are designed. The data sample and transport is realized by the single chip .And the PC processes the data and shows the results. At the same time, the temperature measurement circuit is designed to reduce the effect to results brought by the change of temperature.The experiments for measuring the water content from 0 to100% are accomplished. And the results are given taken 10% as a gap. The experiments prove the method of applying the phase difference of electromagnetic wave to measure water content in crude oil is feasible. And the system designed according to the method can realize the continuous measurement. The linearity and accuracy is better when the water content ranges from 70% to 100%.更多还原