【作者】 秦为海；

【导师】 唐小虎；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 密码学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 随着计算机科学与通信技术的发展，以互联网为载体的电子选举已经崭露头角，开始登上历史舞台。电子选举以密码学为基础，借助计算机技术及通信技术来实现投票、计票等选举功能。与传统选举方式相比，电子选举提供了更大的灵活性和更高的效率；但是其安全性并不十分乐观，还有待进一步的提高。目前国内外众多学者致力于电子选举协议的研究，正是为了提高电子选举的安全性和效率。由于密码技术的采用，电子选举协议在理论研究及实际应用方面都取得了一些成果；但是，如何设计出更具安全性、实用性的电子选举方案，仍然是当前密码学领域研究的热点问题。本文首先介绍了电子选举所使用的一些密码学基础知识，阐述了安全电子选举方案应该具备的基本性质，然后对几个有代表性的电子选举方案做了深入分析，指出了这些方案在安全性和可操作性方面存在的缺陷。接下来，针对现有方案存在的弱点和缺陷，本文提出了一个基于多重盲签名、使用匿名信道和电子公告牌机制的电子选举方案。新方案以选举委员会为选举的最高权力机关和可信任机关，另外设立了三个投票代理机构，合理的分配了职权。方案通过选民自己选定选票序列号的办法来发放选票，避免了选票碰撞的出现，并有效的解决选票发放中心作弊的问题。通过设立多个签名机构，分散了认证中心的权力，有力的保护了合法选民的匿名性；并且在投票阶段使用了匿名信道，进一步保护了合法选民的匿名性。通过使用申诉身份卡，巧妙的解决了选民中途弃权的问题。经过严格的分析可以确认，新方案实现了电子选举应该具备的完整性、正确性、匿名性、公平性、可验证性及允许中途弃权等性质。此外，新方案所使用的各种密码算法的运算速度较快，对选民相关知识的要求不高，因而具有较高的可操作性。本文的最后，分析了新方案的优点和缺点，对现有电子选举方案的体系结构进行了剖析，总结了电子选举系统的功能模块划分的基本依据，并对电子选举协议的研究前景做了展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of computer science and communication technology, electronic voting based on Internet has maken a figure. Electronic voting bases on cryptology, and uses technology of computer and communication to achieve the purpose of election. Compared with conventional voting, the electronic voting can offer more freedom and more efficiency. But, the safety of it cannot be satisfied, and should be improved on. Now many domestic and foreign scholars are bending themselves to the research of electronic voting. Their purpose is to improve its safety and efficiency. Because of using cryptology, we have maken progress in theoretical research and application. Although, how to design a more secure and more practical voting scheme is still a hot topic.First of all, my article introduced the basic knowledge of cryptology used in electronic voting. We expatiated the essential characters that a safe scheme should possess. Then, we analyzed several representative schemes, and pointed out several disadvantages in those schemes. Afterward, we designed a new scheme which based on blind multi-signature, anonymous communication channel and electronic bulletin board. In the new scheme, the election committee was appointed the highest authority center and trusty center. Furthermore, another three agencies were established, and the functions and power were distributed over them rationally. By means of voters’ choosing the sequence numbers of their own votes, the new scheme prevented the vote distributing center from cheating. By means of employing several signature ageneies, the new scheme decentralized the power of the authentication center, so it assured the legal voters’ anonymity. By means of using a special card for claiming, the new scheme resolved the problem of voters’ retreating from election. By strict analysis, it was confirmed that the new scheme possesses the characters of integrality, accuracy, anonymity, dispassion, verifiability, privacy and nonuser. Besides, computations and operations appearing in the new scheme will be fast and easy for voters. In conclusion, the new scheme will be manipulated easily.In the end, we analyzed advantages and disadvantages of the new scheme. We anatomized the structures of existing electronic voting schemes. We summarized the basis on which the voting steps could be compartmentalized reasonably. And, we prefigured the research achievement in this field in the future.更多还原