【作者】 王国峰；

【导师】 邹广平；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工程大学 ， 固体力学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 试验检测是学术研究、工程质量保证和施工控制的基本手段；是设计依据参数的基本来源；也可以为工程质量事故调查分析提供分析的重要参考依据。万能试验机是测定材料机械性能的基本设备之一，材料万能试验机可以对各种金属材料及某些非金属材料在常温下进行拉伸、压缩、弯曲强度等强度实验。较早出现的材料万能试验机有机械式、液压式等。随着科学技术的进步，对科学实验的要求也越来越高，特别是实验的精度，实时显示，以及数据处理等方面都有了更高的要求，出现了现代的电子试验机和电液伺服试验机等高端试验机设备，虽然这类试验机性能优越，但是价格相当高，对于中小企业、一般院校和试验机构来说有些承受不起；近年来也有对试验机进行改造的研究，通过文献检索查阅发现，液压式万能试验机的数字化改造研究已经有了一定数量的研究报道。而机械式万能试验机还没有相关的报道。基于上述原因，本文主要针对机械式万能试验机进行改造研究。本文基于虚拟仪器技术对WJ-10B机械式万能试验做了部分数字化改造研究，通过在机械式万能试验机上加装能够满足试验精度要求的拉、压力传感器，位移、变形引伸计来测量试验机在试验时所施加的载荷以及横梁所移动的位移，并将传感器所测量的数据通过数据采集模块传入计算机中，采用LabVIEW软件编写了虚拟仪器对数据进行显示、分析和处理。通过试验证明该种方案比较简单适用，能够达到对数据的实时采集且操作简单，需要投入的资金也比较少(6000～8000元)，是一种非常好的改造方案，缺点是不能实现自动控制。另外，本文还对WJ-10B机械式万能试验机进行了的全面数字化改造研究(通过与长春科新公司合作方式)。研究了系统配置的技术方案中单片机性能、PWM控制电路的设计、转速及遥控指令测量电路设计；对计算机控制系统以及主程序开发的研究，并且进行了数学仿真和半实物仿真，效果良好。改造后的试验机也进行了低碳钢的拉伸实验，其效果总体上达到电子万能试验机的水平，而且在价格上相对低一些，价格3～5万左右，达到预期构想。两种改造方案总体效果与电子万能试验机相接近，使用方便，精度较高，价格较低具有一定的市场前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 Experiment and Testing Technology is the basic mean of academic research, engineering quality assurance and construction control. It is main resource to design parameters and can also provide engineering quality accident investigation analysis with key references. Universal material testing machine is one of equipments which can test mechanical properties of materials, such as tensile strength, compression strength and bending strength of metal materials and certain non-metallic materials at normal temperature. Mechanical universal testing machine and hydraulic universal testing machine are the earlier type of material testing machine. With the development of science and technology, requirements to high level testing instruments for scientific experiments are increasing, particularly in experimental accuracy, real-time display and data-processing and other aspects. Many modern electronic universal testing machines and other sophisticated testing machines such as electric-hydraulic servo testing machines have been produced. Although these testing machine have many superior performances, their prices are so high that many small institutions, companies and schools can not afford them. From some reports in recent years, there are many researches on the renovation of the existing testing machine, which focus on digital transformation of hydraulic universal testing machine. But there are little reports on mechanical universal test machine.For these reasons mentioned above, this dissertation mainly probes digital transformation of mechanical testing machine. Part of the digital transformation to WJ-10B mechanical universal testing machine is done based on Virtual Instrument Technology. In order to meet testing accuracy, a lot of tensile and compress sensors and displacement tester, extensometer which can measure the test loads and displacement of transverse beam are fixed on the mechanical universal testing machine. The data collected from the sensors are transformed into data acquisition module in computer, and a virtual instrument software of LabVIEW is introduced in this dissertation to analyze and process collecting data. Based on experiment, it has been proved that this method is relatively convenient to achieve real-time data acquisition and that this method is also easy to operate. There are also fewer investments required (￥6000～8000). It is a very good innovation program except its automatic control functions.In addition, this dissertation also explores a full-scale digital transformation of mechanical universal material testing machine based on WJ-10B (cooperation with the Changchun Xinke Company). The performance of mono-plate processor,更多还原