【作者】 荀彦平；

【导师】 张有贤；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 环境科学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 生存与发展是人类社会永恒的主题。水资源作为西北干旱区最为关键的生态控制因子，其能否早日实现可持续利用直接影响着区域生态环境演变的进程和决定着人类在这块土地上的生存前景。人类需要以最高的智力水平和高度的责任感来规范自身的行为，改变传统的思维方式和发展模式，尽快寻找出一条实现水资源可持续利用的途径。水资源可持续利用的关键在于提高水资源的配置效率，而产权制度作为影响资源配置效率的决定性因素，若在水资源管理领域引入水权、水权交易理论，充分发挥市场在水资源配置中的基础性作用，利用水权价格杠杆刺激各用水主体提高水资源利用效率，就有可能在不显著影响区域经济发展的前提下，获取更多的生态环境用水量，用于西北干旱区生态环境的恢复与改善。笔者通过对西北干旱区水资源短缺现状、经济发展模式及居民收入渠道、传统用水习惯和公众环境意识等相关因素的简要分析，初步引出当前区域生态环境的演变存在不可持续性。在此基础上，以水权、水权交易理论为基本出发点，积极参考国内外众多水权、水权交易案例，构建出一种基于生态环境保护目标的西北干旱区城市水权交易机制。通过这种机制的规范有序运行，逐步培育产业间及产业内部的水权交易，利用不同用水主体对水资源价值评判的差异，激励工业企业投入资金进行农业节水灌溉工程建设，引导社会公众建立自觉的节水习惯，最终实现区域水资源配置效率的不断提升。同时充分发挥政府的环保职责和公众的环保积极性，筹集更多的生态环境用水量，用于西北干旱区生态环境的恢复与改善，使水资源的利用和生态环境的演变具有可持续性。考虑城市的代表性和相关资料的可获取性，笔者选取位于甘肃省河西走廊的金昌市作为城市水权交易机制运行的案例进行了简要模拟，初步结论为：该城市构建水权交易机制，基本符合金昌市的社会经济发展需要和生态环境保护要求，同时暗合当地水利系统节水型社会的建设方案，区域生态环境用水量在水权交易机制运行后有可能得到保障，生态环境的恢复和改善具有一定可行性。笔者构建的这一基于生态环境保护目标的西北干旱区城市水权交易机制仅是国内众多研究中的一种观点，是解决西北干旱区水资源问题和生态环境问题的一种有益探索，仍需要持续进行研究和讨论。更多还原

【Abstract】 Surviving and developing of human beings is an eternal theme. As a pivotal ecology controlling factors of northwest arid area in china, whether water resources achieve sustainable utilization as soon as possible may directly influences the evaluative course of eco-environment in region and the living prospect. With high level intelligence and responsibility for the society, human beings need to find out a useful way to achieve the sustainable utilization of water recourses through bettering the behavior of themselves and changing the thinking and developing mode. The key point for sustainable water resources utilization lies in the efficiency of capital allocation, which mainly deceived by the property rights institution. Importing the conception of water rights and its transactions brings into full play of fundamental role for the allocation of water resources market, activates the water usage more efficiency and improvement by the price leverage of water resource, which may increase more water consumption to restore and improve the eco-environment of west arid zone without significant affect of regional economy development.Through analysis the situation of the northwest arid zone which is short of water resources, with single model of economy development and household income, low awareness of public environmental, traditional water usage is difficult to change, the paper draw a base conclusion that the evolution of current eco-environmental region may be unsustainable. Based on the theory of water rights and its transactions, researching the example for domestic and abroad, we set up the institutions of water rights transactions aiming to protect the environment of arid zone in northwest. Through orderly and controllable development of mechanism which may steeply formed water transactions internal or inter-industry, to use resource value judgment differ from each water user, to stimulate entrepreneur input capital on water saving irrigation and approach the public to form the water saving custom an approach to the models of water usage and the transformation policies about water-saving cities, raise efficiency of region water resources sustainable utilization and economic development at last. At the same time, make the best use of government functions in environmental protection and activeness of the public to raise more water demand for ecosystem, in the last which could restore and improve the arid zone, make the usage of water resources and eco-environment sustainability.Considering the representativeness of urban and acquisition of data, the paper chose Jinchang as the research object of the deal system in water rights transactions. The paper analysis the deal system in water rights transactions, through which and the local water sector construction case of water saving, the writer draw a conclusion that the machine mode may accord with economical development of society and the evolution of eco-environment. After the model being operated, the water consumption of eco-construction in region is guaranteed which make eco-environmental restore and improve feasible.The water right trade mechanism of this paper is only one of researching viewpoints in china, but is a profitable probe which need more study and discuss to solve the water resource and eco-environment problems in arid zone of china.更多还原