【作者】 黄敏；

【导师】 刘兴荣；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 劳动卫生与环境卫生学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 目的：①调查兰州城郊3座日光温室内氡浓度状况，探讨影响室内氡浓度因素，评价温室作业人员的剂量暴露水平，提出降低室内氡污染的措施。②了解兰州市日光温室作业环境现状及其对作业人员的健康影响。方法：1现场调查：①采用Model 1027型连续测氡仪在主要温室作业期，选择兰州市城郊面积相当、构造相同的3座温室测定3个月室内氡浓度，同时分别测定室内温度、相对湿度。评价标准依据国家标准《住房内氡浓度控制标准》（GB18871-2002）②采用RT-3型氨检测仪，随机抽取兰州市城郊2座温室测定3个月室内氨浓度，同时分别测定室内温度、相对湿度及CO₂浓度。评价标准依据国家标准《室内空气质量标准》（GB／T18883-2002）。2问卷调查：采用统一调查表，以120名不同性别不同作业年限的作业人员为调查对象并以100名性别年龄齐同的同村农民为对照进行健康问卷调查。结果：1现场调查：①温室内平均氡浓度为132.77Bq／m³，分别高出当地和国家室内平均氡浓度3.38倍和5.60倍。温室地基及周围土壤、岩石、墙体是室内氡的主要来源。高温低湿环境有利于氡进入温室且浓度呈日间周期性波动。温室种植人员年平均氡暴露有效剂量明显高于其他人员。②温室内日气温温差为19.4±3.57℃，温室内外温差为12.5±5.03℃（7～18℃）：温度为23.2±8.75℃（7～45℃）：相对湿度为74.9±17.29％（28～100％）；CO₂浓度为0.20±0.02％（0.15～0.24％）；氨浓度为0.65±0.45mg／m³（0.05～1.50mg／m³）。2座温室氨浓度超标率分别为76％、90％。2问卷调查：长期温室作业对作业人员健康产生诸多不良影响，尤以关节、眼睛和呼吸道损害为重。结论：①温室内氡的水平远高于当地室内氡的平均水平。若考虑高氡环境结合其它温室不利因素，可能对温室种植人员健康产生危害。②除温度和湿度外，温室内氨的浓度明显高于室外。温室作业环境影响长期作业人员的健康，应当引起人们的重视。更多还原

【Abstract】 OBJECTIVES①To investigate radon level and its affecting factors in greenhouse in suburb of Lanzhou, and then estimate the annual effective dose exposed to radon absorbed by growers. It was expected to provide measures for controlling indoor radon pollution.②To investigate indoor ambient in greenhouses and its effect on the health of greenhouse workers in Lanzhou.METHODS 1 Spot investigation:①Three greenhouses were chosen to detect indoor temperature, relative humidity and radon concentrations by Model 1027 type radon monitor during nearly three months.②Two greenhouses were chosen randomly to detect indoor temperature, relative humidity, CO₂ and NH₃ concentrations during nearly three months. 2 Questionnaire: a questionnaire was carried out for 120 greenhouse workers and 100 controls to clarify the possible correlation between the greenhouse ambient and the workers health.RESULTS 1 Spot investigation:①An average radon concentration of 132.77 Bq/ m³ in local greenhouses was observed, which is 3.38 and 5.60 times higher than local average indoor radon level and country average indoor radon level, respectively. Soils and rocks under and around the greenhouse as well as wall body are main source of indoor radon. High temperature and low humidity probably facilitated the movement of radon into greenhouses. Meanwhile, a diurnal fluctuation in indoor radon concentration was observed. Furthermore, the annual effective dose exposed to radon absorbed by growers was estimated. Thus, the results showed that growers in greenhouses absorbed much higher effective dose than other residents.②The indoor concentrations of CO₂ and NH₃ were 0.20±0.02% （0.15～0.24%） and 0.65±0.45mg/m³ （0.05～1.50 mg/m³）, respectively. Higher indoor humidity and temperature differences were also observed. 2 Questionnaire: The greenhouse ambient has many adverse effects on joints, eyes and respiration for long-term growers.CONCLUSIONS①High radon exposure is probably potential health risk ifconsidering combined effects of other adverse environmental factors in greenhouses.②Higher ammonia level is observed in greenhouses besides temperature andhumidity. More attention should be focused on negative impact of greenhouseambient on growers health.更多还原