【作者】 常泓；

【导师】 屠静芬；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 中共党史， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 什么是社会主义?怎样建设社会主义?如何根据我国具体国情制定正确的社会主义建设的政策?这在社会主义建设的历史进程中，始终是一个十分重要的理论和实践问题。1956年社会主义制度建立后，以毛泽东为代表的中国共产党人对此进行了艰辛探索，提出了一系列正确的思想和理论。但1957年反右派运动扩大化后，党中央在社会主义建设中逐渐偏离了这些正确的思想和理论。张闻天作为一位杰出的无产阶级革命家、马克思主义理论家和中国共产党历史上一个相当长时期内的重要领导人，在晚年时期依据马克思主义基本原理，提出了一套与“左”倾思想根本对立的思想。针对党在社会主义社会矛盾问题认识上的错误，他对社会主义社会矛盾的性质、发展趋势及解决方法进行了新的思考。针对党在我国所处的发展阶段先后两次出现认识上偏差的情况，他正本清源，科学阐述马列“过渡阶段”理论，并指出社会主义社会是一个独立的、长期的历史阶段和社会主义社会本身也有自己的若干小阶段。针对“大跃进”、“人民公社化”运动中，一些人从主观愿望出发，忽视客观经济规律，不讲科学，盲动蛮干的状况，他大声疾呼：经济建设必须遵循、利用客观规律为社会主义建设服务；社会主义建设必须重视市场在经济生活中的作用等。作为具有丰富无产阶级运动实践经验的张闻天来说，他始终重视中国共产党在社会主义建设中的领导作用，始终重视国家政权的建设。针对“文化大革命”期间，马列主义、毛泽东思想被弄的面目全非，人民群众是历史创造者这一唯物史观被严重歪曲，他创造性地提出了“领导就是服务”、群众的实践是检验党的路线和政策的最高尺度等著名论断。针对在中国共产党内出现的种种“左”倾错误，他提出应该正确认识和处理党内矛盾、提高党的战斗力等。张闻天的晚年思想是他把马克思列宁主义与中国具体实际相结合的成果。它不仅对毛泽东思想的继续发展做出了重要的贡献，而且成为十一届三中全会以后邓小平进行拨乱反正的理论渊源之一。虽然张闻天的晚年思想也不可避免地受到时代和本人实践的局限，但今天重温这些思想，对于我们正确理解科学发展观、构建社会主义和谐社会无疑有着重要的现实意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 What is socialism? How to construct socialism? How to make correct policies on socialist construction according to the national situation? All these are an important theoretical and practical problem during the historical process of socialist construction. After the socialism system built up in 1956, Mao Zedong as one of the representatives of the Communist Party of China fathomed hardly and put forward series of right thoughts and the theories. But the Centrality deviated it with the Anti- Rightist struggle enlarged in 1957. Aim at the twice deviation on the development stage of our country. Aim at the wrong understanding on the socialism’s contradiction, Zhang Wentian carried on the new thoughts on the socialism’s contradiction in the society. Zhang Wentian radically reformed the theory of the "Transition Period" scientifically and pointed out that the socialism society was an independent, long stage and it had its own small stages also. Aim at some persons set out from the subjective wishes, neglecting the objective economic order lines and science, Zhang Wentian pleaded loudly: The economy construction must respect and make use of the objective regulation to serve for the socialism As Zhang Wentian which has the rich proletariat movement experience said that, he always takes Communist Party of China’s in socialist construction leading role, through out takes political and the economical interaction relations. In view of "Great Cultural Revolution" period, the Marxism-Leninism, the Mao Zedong Thought changing beyond all recognition which makes, he proposed "the leadership is the service" and so on the famous judgment. In view of all sorts which appears in the Communist Party of China "left" leans the mistake, he proposed should correctly understand and the processing inner-party contradiction, enhances the party the battle efficiency and so on. Thoughts in Zhang Wentian’s old age is the result that Marxism and Leninism combine with the China’s fact, but it was limited inevitably by the age and his practices also. His thoughts not only contributes to developing Mao Zedong Thought, but also serves as one of the valued resources of Deng Xiaoping theory. For all that today reviews Zhang Wentian’s these thought, regarding us correctly understood science development view, constructs the socialism harmonious society to have the important practical significance.更多还原