【作者】 李椿；

【导师】 欧兵；

【作者基本信息】 西南财经大学 ， 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 一、本文的主要内容和观点中国共产党历来重视党内监督。不断加强和改进党内监督,是中国共产党自身建设的重要经验,是保持党的先进性,实现党的正确领导,巩固党的执政地位,全面推进党的建设新的伟大工程的现实需要。历史和现实表明,党执政的时间越长,越要加强自身建设,越要加强党内监督。所谓中国共产党党内监督①,就是指党的各级组织、专门机关和全体党员,按照党章和其他党内法规、制度的要求,从思想、组织、纪律、作风等方面,通过评价、揭露、检查、纠偏、处理等方式,对党的各级组织以及党员尤其是党员领导干部实施的监察、督促和纠正活动。党内监督作为一种特殊类型的监督,是在党的内部进行的一种自体监督,实质是党从立党为公、执政为民的立场出发,按照党要管党、从严治党的方针,以权力制约为核心的自我的民主政治控制行为。它除了具有监督的一般特征外,还表现出内部性、强制性与自觉性相统一、广泛的民主性、依据的特殊性、“自体监督”与“异体监督”相统一等几个独有特征。虽然党内监督在实际工作中的形式多种多样,内容也不尽相同,但都遵循着平等、公开、群众性、实事求是、保护正当权利等几个基本原则。现阶段,党的执政地位决定了党内监督的重点对象必然是党的各级领导机关和领导干部,特别是各级领导班子的主要负责人,决定了党内监督的核心内容必然是对权力的监督和制约。马克思和恩格斯作为无产阶级政党的创始人,他们在指导、参与和创建无产阶级政党的革命活动中,提出了许多宝贵的建党思想,其中就蕴含着丰富的党内监督思想,如党的代表大会应处于绝对领导地位,党内要确立民主选举制度、集体领导制度,党内要有严明的纪律,要开展民主讨论和批评等。列宁作为把马克思主义党内监督思想与无产阶级政权建设实践相结合的第一人,对无产阶级政党的党内监督问题有着更加深刻的认识。他继承和发展了马克思、恩格斯的党内监督思想,并结合具体实际,提出了一系列关于党内监督的重要观点和看法,如主张实行党的代表大会年会制和党代表会议常任制,设立相对独立的党内监督专门机关,强调选举监督和组织监督相结合,实行集体领导等。马克思、恩格斯、列宁的党内监督思想,是留给全世界无产阶级政党的宝贵财富,也是中国共产党党内监督的思想基础,至今仍具有重要的指导意义,值得我们去深入学习研究。中国共产党自成立之日起,就高度重视党内监督,并在党内监督的道路上进行了艰辛的探索。以1949年取得政权为分界点,可以把中国共产党党内监督的发展历程划分为两个阶段。执政前,我们党是一个领导人民夺取政权的党,那时候的党内监督呈现出战争年代的特点,如强调自上而下的监督、民主监督逐步发展、党内监督专门机关从无到有等。执政后,我们党转变为领导人民掌握政权并将长期执政的党,这就对党内监督提出了新要求,一个最明显的表现就是要求进一步加强对权力的监督和制约。以党的十一届三中全会和十三届四中全会为界,又可把执政后的党内监督分成三个历史时期。在这三个历史时期里,党内监督从蓬勃发展到跌至谷底,再到重新恢复和进入新阶段,经历了一个很大的起伏。“以史为鉴,可以知兴替”,回顾历史是为了更好地提高现在。在对党内监督发展历程进行梳理的基础上,探求党内监督的一般规律就显得尤为重要。概括来看,党内监督的经验主要有六条,即:要围绕党的中心工作来开展党内监督;必须不断加强思想政治教育;必须高度重视党内监督的制度建设;必须有专门机关来进行党内监督;必须突出党内监督的重点对象;党内监督要与党外监督有机结合。在看到成绩的同时,我们也必须清醒地看到存在的问题,这是辩证唯物主义的基本要求。现阶段,在改革开放和实行社会主义市场经济等极为复杂的环境下,党内监督仍存在着不少问题。如党内监督意识淡薄,存在着“不会监督”、“不愿监督”、“不敢监督”以及排斥监督的现象;党内监督体制不顺,使党的代表大会和党内监督专门机关的监督作用受限;党内监督制度不够健全,仍是党内监督的一个薄弱环节;对党内监督重点对象的监督不力,使得权力滥用和腐败的可能性增大;党内外监督协调不够,监督合力的形成受到了限制。这些问题影响着党内监督的顺利开展,制约着党的建设的健康发展。在改革开放和发展社会主义市场经济的新时期,中国共产党要完成历史任务,要经受住考验,就必须正视党内监督中存在的问题,切实采取措施,不断加强和改进党内监督,这是提高党的领导水平和执政水平、提高拒腐防变和抵御风险能力必然要求。首先,我们要充分认识加强和改进党内监督的重要性,深刻理解加强和改进党内监督对于保持党的先进性,实现党的正确领导,发展党内民主、推进人民民主,推动党风廉政建设进一步发展的重要意义。其次,我们要根据形势发展的需要,不断探索加强和改进党内监督的途径与对策:要强化党内监督意识,增强监督责任感,提高广大党员实施监督和接受监督的自觉性;要积极进行体制创新,理顺党内监督体制,充分发挥党的代表大会的监督作用,强化纪检机关监督职能;要加强党内监督制度建设,推进党内监督的制度化进程,使党内监督走上一条不再单单依赖领导人重视,而是更加注重制度化、规范化的道路;要突出党内监督的重点对象,加强对权力的监督和制约,保证各级领导干部为人民掌好权、用好权;要把党内监督与党外监督有机结合,构建良性运行机制;要强化领导干部的民主作风,切实保障党员的监督权利,大力营造党内监督的良好氛围;要立足党情,借鉴资产阶级政党党内监督的有益经验为我服务。二、本文的主要贡献本文是在继承和吸收他人研究成果的基础上,结合对新时期党内监督的认识,经过独立思考而写成的。本文的主要贡献或创新点有:①选题上。自2003年底《中国共产党党内监督条例(试行)》颁布以来,党内监督成为党内外普遍关注的一个话题。学术界对党内监督进行了热烈的讨论,但讨论的焦点主要集中在如何贯彻实施《条例》上,对党内监督从历史到当今进行全景式回顾研究的相对较少。所以,我想对党内监督做一个全面完整的回顾是有意义的,它有利于我们形成对党内监督的全面认识,有利于吸收和借鉴前人的正确思想和做法,避免再犯同样的错误。②主要观点上。一是对党的代表大会常任制进行了探讨;二是对党内监督专门机关的领导体制改革提出了一些看法;三是在党内监督制度建设方面谈了一些不成熟的见解。更多还原

【Abstract】 PART I: Main contents and standpoints of this thesisThe Communist Party of China emphasizes the supervision inside the party all along. Strengthening and perfecting the supervision inside the party continuously is the important experience of Party self-construction, is the realistic demand of making stronger the party of ruling position, carrying out the right leadership of the party and overall propelling party construction called new great project. The history and reality indicate that the longer the party governs, the more the party strengthens its self-construction and supervision inside the party.The supervision inside the party means organizations of all levels, specialized organizations and all party members, according to the request of the party chapter and other laws, systems, from the aspects such as thought, organization, discipline and style and etc, by the means of disclosing, evaluating, controlling, checking and so on, supervise, inspect and rectify the organizations of all levels of the party and party members, especially the behavior of the party member leaders. As a special supervision, it is a self-supervision that is carried on inside the party, its substance is a self control behavior of democratic politics which considers power check and supervision as its core, it is from the standpoint of setting up the party as the public and governing for the people, according to the policy of party’s taking care of and managing itself strictly. Although the supervision inside the party takes on different kinds of forms in actual work, it follows some basic principles.As the proletariat deviationist, Marx and Engels’thought of the supervision inside the party are mainly : the Representative’s conference of the party should be placed in the absolute leadership position, the democratic election and the collective leadership system should be established inside the party, it should have the strict and clear discipline and should open democratic discussion and criticism etc. Later on, this text states Lion’s supervision thoughts inside the party. He is the first person of combining the Marxist supervision inside the party with the proletariat political power construction together, he put forward a series of thoughts of the supervision inside the party, for example, he asserted that the relatively independent specialized organization of the supervision inside the party should be established, he also emphasized the supervision from top to bottom and the supervision from bottom to top should be combined together etc. Marx, Engels, Lion’s thoughts of the supervision inside the party is considered to be the precious wealth left to the whole world proletariat deviationist, it is also the thought foundation of the supervision inside the Communist Party of China, it still has the important leading meaning up to now.Since the Communist Party of China was established, the supervision inside the party has been highly valued, and the exploration of the supervision inside the party has been going forward hard .This text takes obtaining the political power as the boundary, and divides the development process of the supervision inside the party into two stages. Before governing, our party is a party that led the people to seize the political power, at that time the supervision inside the party presented the characteristics of the war age. After ruling, our party changed into a party that led people to control and govern the political power over a long period of time, this put forward the new request to the supervision inside the party. In these three history periods, the supervision inside the party falls from booming development to the bottom of the valley, then resumes and enters the new stage, experiencing a very great rise and fall."Take history as the lesson, then we can know the rise and fall", reviewing history is for raising now better. On the foundation of looking back the developing process of the supervision inside the party, this text collects six pieces of experiences, namely, The supervision inside the party should surround the general situation of the whole party work; Must value the system construction of the supervision inside the party highly; Must have the specialized organization to carry out the supervision inside the party; Must outstand the points of the supervision inside the party, strengthen the check and supervision toward the power; The supervision inside the party should combine with the supervision outside the party organically. At the time of seeing the achievement, we must be also aware of the existent problems. Currently, under the complex conditions of reform and open to the outside and practising the socialism market economy, the problems of the supervision inside the party still exists. This text carries out the analysis to this, rallying up a few key problems of the supervision inside the party: Weak awareness exists the supervision inside the party ,such phenomenon as "can not supervision", "do not wish to supervise", "dare not supervise" and "reject to supervise" exists; The supervision function of representative’s conference of the party did not exert fully, specialized organization leadership system of the supervision inside the party is not agreeable, and it confines the exertive of the direct function; These problems affect the development of the supervision inside the party smoothly and confine the wealthy development of the construction of the party.In the new period of the reform and open to the outside and developing the socialism market economy, if the Communist Party of China wants to complete the history mission and experience the test, it must face the problems which exist in the supervision inside the party at the present stage, and take actual measures, strengthen and perfect continuously the supervision inside the party, this is the inevitable request of raising the leadership level and ruling level of the party, this is also the inevitable request of raising to refuse the corruption and defend changes and resist the risk ability. First, we should realize the importance of strengthening and improving the supervision inside the party well, we also should comprehend the significance of strengthening the direct inside the party for keeping the party advanced, for developing the democracy inside the party and pushing forward people’s democracy, for carrying out the right leadership of the party and constructing the party fairly. Second, according to the demand of the situation development, we should explore continuously the path and way of strengthening and improving the supervision inside the party. This text puts forward some viewpoints of strengthening and improving the supervision inside the party from some aspects such as thought, system, the key object, path and so on: To enhance the awareness of the supervision inside the party, strengthen the sense of responsibility, raise the party member’s self-consciousness of implementing and accepting the supervision; To strengthen the system construction of the supervision inside the party strongly, push forward the systemized process of the supervision inside the party, make the supervision inside the party form a new path, it is no longer a path that only depends on the emphasis of the leaders, but a path that pays more attention to the construction of systemization and rule; To outstand the key object of the supervision inside the party, strengthen the check and supervision to the power, guarantee that leaders of all levels grasp and use the power for people; To combine the supervision inside the party and the supervision outside the party organically, set up the positive cycle mechanism.PART II: Main contributionThis text is written after thinking independently, on the basis of inheriting the people of the past and absorbing the achievement of others, combining the request to the supervision inside the party in a new period. The main contributions or creative points of the text: One, subjects. Since the supervision regulation of Communist Party of China (the trying) inside the party was promulgated at the end of 2003, the supervision inside the party has become a topic which is widespread concerned inside and outside the party. The theory field carries out a warm discussion about the supervision inside the party, but the discussion is focused on how to implement regulation, studying of the supervision inside the party panoramically is relatively less from past to now, especially from setting up the party to now the panoramic study is even less. So, I think reviewing the supervision inside the party completely is meaningful, it can make us understand the supervision inside the party completely, it can make us absorb and make good use of right thoughts and ways, and it can also make us avoid making the same mistakes again. Two, Main viewpoints. One is discussing the system of the representative’s conference of the party; Two is putting forward some viewpoints to the reform of the leadership system of the specialized organization of the supervision inside the party.Three is about the construction of systemization and rule.更多还原