【作者】 谢国；

【导师】 孙蓉； 赵德武；

【作者基本信息】 西南财经大学 ， 保险学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 汽车消费贷款保证保险是我国起步较晚的保险业务。二十世纪末,各商业银行为了开拓新的市场领域,寻找新的利润增长点,推出不同品种的个人消费信贷业务。但由于我国信用体系不健全,个人消费信贷风险相对比较高,为了适应金融机构转嫁风险的需求,各财产保险公司运用商业银行与保险公司的双方资源,进行产品创新。各大公司于1998年纷纷推出汽车消费贷款保证保险,俗称“车贷险”,我国汽车消费贷款保证保险自此进入产生与发展的第一阶段。“车贷险”业务迅猛增长,并在2001年和2002年达到了高潮,并快速成为我国银行资产业务风险转移的主要手段,对我国汽车工业的发展做出了巨大贡献。高风险成为“车贷险”发展的瓶颈。汽车消费贷款保证保险市场在经历了快速发展之后,理赔上总体呈现了高出险率、高赔付率的“两高”现象,保险公司与金融机构因此遭受严重损失。诸多问题的出现最终导致中国保监会于2004年1月15日发布《关于规范汽车消费贷款保证保险业务有关问题的通知》1,要求各家公司重新制定新的条款。2004年4月1日起,新版的汽车消费贷款保证保险产品正式加入市场,我国汽车消费贷款保证保险自此进入第二阶段。由于受旧版“车贷险”的影响,各家保险公司依旧不敢大面积涉足“车贷险”业务,市场至今未能恢复元气,巨大的风险成为阻碍“车贷险”发展的主要因素,并严重影响我国保证保险业务的生存与发展空间。“车贷险”市场需要重振。从宏观经济的发展来看,我国汽车工业市场飞速发展,人均GDP稳步增加,而此时全面萎缩的汽车消费贷款保证保险业务,不仅不利于金融机构分散汽车消费信贷的风险,一定程度上还严重地阻碍我国汽车工业的快速发展。因此,立足于我国汽车保险市场现有的资源,创新风险防范思路与手段,不仅可以开辟汽车消费贷款保证保险新的发展空间,一定程度上也能有力地促进了金融业、汽车工业的发展。在这样的时代背景下,如何防范汽车消费贷款保证保险市场的风险,保持车险市场健康快速发展,已经迫切需要成为保险业研究的重要课题。本文在逻辑思路上,首先对汽车消费贷款与保证保险的基本理论做了介绍,简要概括了汽车消费贷款保证保险的经济学含义与特征,并详细介绍了其法律性质,阐述了目前司法界与保险界关于保证保险法律性质的争论。接着本文对汽车消费贷款保证保险的产生与发展做了定性分析,将其划分为两个阶段,一是汽车消费贷款保证保险的产生与发展阶段,二是新版汽车消费贷款保证保险的入市阶段。接着,本文对汽车消费贷款保证保险运行机制进行了分析,结合金融学、保险学、经济学、法学等相关学科的知识,阐述了运行机制中各主体之间权利与义务关系,指出运行机制中存在的两个问题。然后,本文从经营管理的角度对保险公司经营汽车消费贷款保证保险面临的风险进行了分析。本文将风险划分为系统风险与非系统风险,从信用体系、宏观经济、法律体系、行业竞争等角度,分析系统风险对保险公司经营汽车消费贷款保证保险的具体影响;从有效内控、信贷审查、营销渠道、精算定价等角度,分析微观上具有区域性、特殊性的非系统风险对保险公司的影响。经过对汽车消费贷款保证保险的系统风险与非系统风险分析,本文找出了风险所在,并在此基础上提出防范思路。本文认为防范其风险首先要树立“风险共担”的经营思想与运行机制,从机制上杜绝银行等金融机构的道德风险。另外还要“内外兼修”,一方面加强保险公司自身的内部控制水平,从限定保险责任、建立贷款动态监管与欠款催收机制、完善抵押与差额保证制度等六项建议着手,健全内控制度;另一方面要完善外部制度环境,从明确汽车消费贷款保证保险的法律性质、完善社会信用体系、加强混业监管三方面完善外部制度环境。全文由前言和四章组成:前言主要说明本文选题立意的初衷和现实意义,阐述国内外研究现状与本文的研究方法与思路。第一章主要简述了汽车消费贷款保证保险的内涵和特点,对汽车消费贷款保证保险的主要特征进行了概括,重点剖析了汽车消费贷款的经济学特点与法律性质,介绍了我国汽车消费贷款保证保险的发展历程,分析了汽车消费贷款产生的原因及其动因,并介绍了其发展的两个重要阶段。第二章着重分析汽车消费贷款保证保险的运行机制,按被保险人的不同,将分期付款购车的保证保险分为两种运作模式,运用比较分析的方法,指出以金融机构作为被保险人的运作模式才是真实意义上的汽车消费贷款保证保险,说明各主体之间的权利与义务关系,并指出运行机制中存在的问题。第三章详细介绍了保险公司经营汽车消费贷款保证保险面临的风险,将风险细分为系统风险与非系统风险,并分别详细描述了系统与非系统风险中的各项因素对保险公司经营风险的影响。第四章主要介绍了汽车消费贷款保证保险的风险防范策略及相关制度选择,本章首先阐述了汽车消费贷款保证保险的风险防范思路,接着从六个方面详细介绍了保险公司防范汽车消费贷款保证保险的具体策略,并从完善外部制度环境角度,提出了建立信用体系、明确法律性质以及加强混业监管这三项外部制度选择。本文的主要创新有:一是以保险公司风险防范为线索,以汽车消费贷款保证保险的运行机制为主要研究基点,分析运行机制的主要模式及各主体之间的复杂关系,指出运行机制本身存在的问题,并由此推导出经营风险的症结所在,在研究方法上有一定的创新。二是将保险公司经营汽车消费贷款保证保险面临的风险做了层次上的划分,并深入探讨了系统风险与非系统风险的产生原因以及其对保险公司经营所产生的影响。三是针对汽车消费贷款保证保险的风险防范策略提出了风险共担的思路,并提出“内外兼修”防范手段,一方面加强保险公司的自身经营管理水平,建立有效内控体系;另一方面要求完善外部制度环境,论文对法律制度、混业监管、社会信用体系三方面外部制度进行了充分的论述,这对我国保险事业的发展具有一定的参考价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 The automobile expends loan guarantee insurance start late in the automobile insurance market, it is a section new financial product which uses the bilateral resources of the financial organ and the insurance company, and the financial organ, the insurance company, the car dealer, and the person who want to buy the car, each person make profit.But because the risk of automobile expends the loan guarantee insurance high, the inside control level of insurance company is low; the exterior system environment is not mature and so on. The automobile expends loan guarantee insurance goes down after it has experienced the fast development.It is already becoming the most important topic for the insurance to make clear how to guard against the automobile expends loan guarantee insurance risk, maintains the market develop healthy and fast.This article begin with the expends on the operational mechanism of the automobile expends loan guarantee insurance, uses the insurance study, economic, legal science and so on.Analysis the risk and income, the right and the voluntary relations between the main body, analysis how the credit system, the macroscopic economy, the legal framework and so on the factors effect the insurance company controls, and point out where the risk to be at, and proposes the risk guard specific measures from two aspects, the fist one is the insurance company’s internal control, the other one is exterior system environment.Generally, the foreword and four chapters compose the thesis:The introduction outlines the reasons for the choice of the subject and its practical significance, elaborates the domestic and foreign research present situation and the research technique and the mentality.First chapter mainly summarize the connotation and the characteristic of the automobile expends loan guarantee insurance, and analyze its economic characteristic and the legal nature, introduce its two important stages in development.Second chapter emphatically analyze the operational mechanism of the automobile expends loan guarantee insurance. According to insured’s difference, the installment payment is divided into two kind of operation patterns, using the utilization comparative analysis method, pointing out that the operation pattern with the financial organ will be the real automobile expends loan guarantee insurance, and explain the right and the voluntary relations between various main bodies, pointing out the problem in the operational mechanism.Third chapter introduce in detail the risk the insurance company faces, and subdivides the risk into the system risk with the non-system risk, distinguishing in detail to describe the influence by the system and the non-system risk in each factor to the insurance company.Fourth chapter mainly introduce risk guard strategy and the related system choice of the automobile expends loan guarantee. This chapter first elaborates the risk guard mentality and how insurance company guard against the risk from six aspects, and from exterior system environment angle, proposing the establishment credit system, the explicit legal nature as well as the enhancement these three exterior system choice.The main innovation includes:The first one is taking the loan guarantee safe operational mechanism as the clue, and expends the risk guard as the main research basic point.The second one is discussing the system risk thoroughly with the system risk and non-system risk, producing reason as well as it the influence managing to the insurance company produces.The third one is in view of guarding against risk strategy to propose the risk mentality, and propose inside and outside concurrently. The guard method, on the one hand strengthen the insurance company own management and operation level, establishing control from the inside the system effectively, on the other hand the request consummate exterior system environment.更多还原