中国城市社区矫正若干问题研究

【作者】 沈定成；

【导师】 韦宝平；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 法律， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 社区矫正作为刑罚执行中的外来事物，正在中国经历鉴别、认同、调适及整合的过程。为了社区矫正能够真正融入到中国法制体系之中，笔者试图通过对社区矫正在中国城市社区的实施过程中所遭遇的几个问题展开分析：在理论层面上，归纳出社区和社区矫正法律意义上的概念、特征和理论基础；针对社区矫正主体、社区矫正对象以及社区矫正法律适用问题，不单单对问题表象进行详略得当的描述，还揭露出深层原因所在，并进一步提出略显粗陋的解决思路；值得一提的是本文还单列一章，从微观对在社区矫正中的未成年犯这个特殊群体的概念和特殊性问题进行探索，以便于公众有一个新的视角来考量未成年人犯罪的问题。在分析的基础上，笔者明确了法律意义上的城市社区适用范围，总结出社区矫正的基本特征是刑事惩罚性、制裁缓和性、非监禁性和社区居民参与性，认为社区矫正的理论基础除了刑罚标签理论、刑罚人道化理论、复归社会理论、刑罚谦抑理论外，还创造性地将社会学中的社会排斥理论纳入社区矫正的理论基础体系，创造性提出了自我矫正者也是社区矫正的主体之一。在对社区矫正主体问题的分析时，强化了司法行政机关的权力和职责，并指出社区矫正工作并非只需要具有法律知识的人员。在对社区矫正对象问题进行分析时，引入了权利保障机制，并提出了相应的评估指标体系和权利救济程序。针对社区矫正法律适用的效力冲突问题，以法律渊源的研究为出发点，找到了一条有限度加快立法进程的康庄大道。在对“未成年犯”和“青少年罪犯”的比较分析中，认为“未成年犯”更能从法律方面说明问题，从而将“未成年犯”的概念引入社区矫正体系，接着力图对“未成年犯”不同于“成年犯”的特殊性(生理与心理断层性、动机简单易变性、行为模仿攀比性、作案集团专业性)进行剖析，进而提出社区管理、家庭参与以及心理矫正等有益于“未成年犯”社区矫正的特殊措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Community Correction, an external legal system in penalty implementation, is now undergoing a process of differentiation, approval, adaptation and integration in China. In order to make Community Correction be really integrated into Chinese legal system, the author attempts to analyze the following problems in the implementation process of Community Correction in China: First, the author summed up the legal concepts, characteristics and basis of community and Community Correction theoretically; Second, on the issues of the subjects, objects and legal application of Community Correction, the article not only described the problems, but also revealed the deep -seated reasons of these problems, and finally put forward some rudimentary solutions; Third, in order to make the public have a new perspective to consider the problems of juvenile crime, this article has a separate chapter to explore the concept and particular problems of juvenile offenders from microcosmic perspective.On the basis of analysis, the author defined the application scope of urban communities in legal sense and summed up the characteristics of Community Correction—criminal penalties, eased sanctions, non-custodial sentences and community participation. As for the theoretical basis, apart from the Penalty labeling Theory, the Penalty Humane Theory, the Returning to Society Theory, and Penalty Humility Theory, the article creatively involves the Society Exclusion Theory in sociology, holding that self-correction subject is also a subject of Community Correction. When analyzing the subjects, the author strengthened the power and duties of the judicial and administrative authorities, and pointed out that Community Correction not merely requires legal expertise. When dwelling on the objects, the author introduced a mechanism of rights protection, and raised a corresponding evaluation system and a remedy procedure of rights. On the issues of order conflicts of legal application, the author found a way to speed up the legislative process with the study of legal origin as a starting point. On the comparative analysis of "minor offenders" and "juvenile offenders", the author argued that "minor offenders" sounded more persuasive in legal field. So the author introduced the concept of "minor offenders" into Community Correction, and then attempted to analyze the specialties of the concept of "minor offenders" (the distance between physical and psychological nature of minor offenders; simple and volatile motives; behavior imitation and competition; profession of crime group). Furthermore, the author put forward the following special measures which are beneficial to "minor offenders": community management, family involvement and psychological correction.更多还原