【作者】 牛艳霞；

【导师】 韩建立；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 课程与教学论， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 敬语在人们的日常交际中所起到的重要作用和在对外汉语教学中所扮演的语言教学与文化教学的双重角色,并未引起世界汉语汉教学同仁们足够的重视。本文的写作目的,就是在对外汉语教学的范围内,对现代汉语敬语进行系统的研究,分析敬语的教学状况。本文运用文献法,借用各种词典及有关论著对“敬语”的解释,阐明敬语的内涵。运用调查法总结出教材中的常见敬语,分析敬语在《汉语水平词汇与汉字等级大纲》中的等级划分情况。提倡运用比较法将汉语敬语与日语、英语敬语进行对比分析。调查对外汉语敬语教学的现状,总结敬语教学的有效方法,阐述敬语使用的偏误。但由于对敬语研究得不够,敬语的教学也未受到重视。完善对外汉语敬语的教学状况,是学术界尤其是对外汉语教学领域亟待解决的问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese honorific has rich manifestation. It transmits the respect by means of the glossary, the sentence pattern, the language body and so on in communication, in order to promote the human relations to carry on smoothly. People have not paid much attention to the modern Chinese honorific although it plays a vital role in human relations. Especially in foreign Chinese educational world, there are a lot of honorifics involved in the teaching; however, the honorific teaching consciousness is really very weak. Leaders and teachers of the discipline have not clearly recognized the importance of honorific teaching as the two kinds of roles, which are language teaching and cultural teaching. The teaching method is imperfect, and the interrelated research results are also less.The objective of this article is to enhance peoples’recognition and strengthen the teaching of honorific. The investigation counted the honorifics appeared in the foreign Chinese teaching material since 1950s (most of which are lately ten years present foreign Chinese teaching material). We classified them and gave each an example, opened out their characteristic in use. We also analyzed the present situation of honorific teaching in teaching Chinese as a foreign language, and pointed out the important status and function of honorific teaching. And we put forward proposal and the tentative plan for later honorific teaching at last.The content of this article is roughly as follows:The first part is the introduction. We expounded the research object and the goal of this topic, pointed out the research history, the present situation of modern Chinese honorific and the innovation of this topic. We also introduced the research mentality and the research technique of the topic.The second part is the multidimensional inspection of modern Chinese honorific. Here we introduced the connotation and characteristic of honorific, classified the honorifics which are common in teaching material in detail according to different types, such as glossary, sentence pattern, phrase etc, and gave each of them an example.The third part is the analysis of honorifics’language uses. We analyzed the restriction factor of the use of honorific, and introduced many kinds of functions of the expression.The fourth part is the analysis of the present situation of honorific teaching. We investigated the distributed situation in teaching material, and studied the rank division situation in Chinese proficiency glossary and Chinese character rank program. We also elucidated the goal, the principle and the method of honorific teaching, and analyzed the faults of the use of honorific.The fifth part is the considering and suggestion about the honorific teaching. We expatiated on the status and function of honorific teaching. Finally, we put forward several proposals in view of present situation of honorific teaching in teaching Chinese as a foreign language.It is a short conclusion in the end.The article introduced that the research object of the topic is honorific together with honorific teaching in the introduction. The goal to grasp the characteristic of honorific through the description of honorifics appear in teaching materials, serves the teaching ultimately. There has been a batch of works about honorific research since 1970s in the academic circles. However, much of them are results about the glossary study as well as comparison between Chinese and Japanese on honorific. While this article just broke though the research ambit of former work to study the system of modern Chinese honorific together with honorific teaching, from the angle of teaching Chinese as a foreign language. The final goal is to instruct the teaching. It is just the innovation of this article.We elaborated the connotation of honorific according to many dictionaries and authorities such as Cihai, Chinese Big Dictionary, reverse order of Modern Chinese Dictionary, Chinese Grammar Rhetoric Dictionary, Modern Linguistics Dictionary and so on, in which the word“honorific”is explained. Finally, we defined honorific that it is a language form that communicator express the respect to other people though the method that use appropriate suitable glossary, sentence pattern, language body and so on, according to the social class of the human relations object as well as relations with own in human relations process. According to this definition, we divided the honorifics appear in teaching material into three kinds through the difference between glossary, sentence pattern and language body. Each kind we subdivided again and gave example simultaneity. The glossary is the principal part of honorific. It branches out the pronoun honorific, nominal honorific, the verbal honorific and the phrase of honorific. There into, the nominal honorific and the verbal honorific are the main part. The nominal honorific is divided into the general term honorific and the name noun honorific; while the verbal honorific and the phrase each one divides into two parts according to honor and humility. There are illustrative sentences selected from teaching material for most of the honorifics list in the article.The article pointed out the use of honorific is restricted by two factors, the main body of human relations and the social gathering. The main body of human relations is the student abroad, whose peculiarity is the difference of cultural context. Not only can honorific express respect, but also conveys many other sentiments such as polite, satire, estrangement, josh, cordiality etc.The key point of the article is to realize and analyze the present situation of the honorific teaching. The honorific shows itself more in elementary and secondary teaching materials, and that spoken language is in the majority; It also presents the distribution that widespread but shallow in the teaching material of Chinese language knowledge while deep and thorough in the teaching material of social culture. The article enumerated the honorifics that are appeared in Chinese proficiency glossary and Chinese character rank program by the rank divided. We discovered the division of glossary rank is unreasonable; otherwise, the word quantity of the Program is somewhat low. It carried on the introduction to the object and principia of honorific teaching in the article, cleared about the teaching goal that“trains the foreigner s’communicating ability to communicate with Chinese with normative Chinese, apprehend Chinese culture and be friendly with us.”The article pointed out the four teaching principles must be followed: the teaching needs to follow proceeds in an orderly way, the teaching should be united with the practice, teach in all kinds of scenes and the culture contrasting. It also summarized four teaching methods: carry on the culture teaching under the background of the human relations of cross culture; summarize the rules of honorific, and teach students with strategy; carries on honorific teaching united with linguistic environment; carries on honorific teaching making use of the transporting theory of study. This article elaborated the condition of the falsely use of honorific, according to the analysis and summary of the reason for error concluded by Lu Jianji and Liu Xun.We won’t realize the importance of the honorific teaching until we make it clear that the honorific teaching acts dual roles, which are the language teaching and culture teaching. However, there are some problems in this area of honorific using and teaching at present, which are the honorific abusing and misusing as well as the insufficient attention in honorific teaching. Therefore, we put forward some proposals, which appeal to the society for enhancing the consciousness of honorific using, remind the general scholars and teachers of the academic circles to clear of the mentality, and clearly recognize the necessity of study about honorific and the importance of honorific teaching. Especially, we hope that the foreign Chinese educational circle can have the improvement in teaching method, the setup of curriculum and the compilation of teaching materials. By these methods, the honorific teaching can receive a good teaching effect and become more perfect.By the elaboration and analysis of the article, I hope it can give people more explicit realization of modern Chinese honorific which can remind the academic circles, especially the foreign Chinese educational circle, to enhance the recognition of the honorific teaching. And it will be able to play a certain model role for the later honorific teaching in teaching Chinese as a foreign language.更多还原