【作者】 钱燕；

【导师】 张萍；

【作者基本信息】 合肥工业大学 ， 工业设计， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 无障碍设计是指在最大的限度的可能范围内，不分性别、年龄和能力，适合所有人使用方便的环境或产品设计。本文包括四个方面的内容：无障碍设计概念、无障碍设计中“人”的研究、无障碍产品研究以及感官代偿的研究。从无障碍设计的背景入手，阐述了无障碍设计的现状、发展以及原则，提出现有的无障碍设计思想和方法中存在的局限性，为新思想和方法的提出展开铺垫。无障碍设计中的研究的“人”主要是残疾人和老人等在生理上有障碍的弱势群体，本文研究了残疾人的分类、等级和老年人的生理衰退状况，这是感官代偿产品研究的生理基础；阐述了残疾人和老年人的心理问题和消费心理，这是感官代偿产品的情感基础。通过两方面的论述，论证了从生理和心理的角度，面向残疾人和老年人的狭义无障碍设计可以向面向所有人的广义无障碍设计推广。在无障碍产品研究部分，对无障碍产品进行功能分析，从而得出无障碍产品的一系列特征。无障碍设计思想是永恒的，而它的实现方法是多样的。从不同的切入点研究就得到了不同的结果，本文的切入点是感官代偿。研究面向感觉有障碍者的无障碍产品设计。人对外界事物的认识首先是由感觉器官来获得的，而感官障碍者正是由于某些感官功能存在障碍，从而失去了正常感知世界的能力。感官代偿是指在某些感官部分受到损害的时候，其他感官的功能会相应地增强。本文通过对人的感知系统和感官代偿的分析，将感官代偿应用到产品设计中，不仅能够方便产品的使用，也能够锻炼感官有障碍者的感官代偿功能。最后，以家用空调遥控器为对象，将视觉、听觉、触觉信息纳入遥控器的感官信息系统中，研究视觉障碍者和听觉障碍者对空调器的使用方式，从而验证感官代偿是一种行之有效的无障碍设计方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Barrier-free design refers that environmental or product design should offer convenience for all the users within the range of possibilities, despite their sexes, ages and abilities.This paper included four parts: barrier-free design, research of ’users’, barrier-free product and sense compensation. It began with the background of barrier-free design, discussed its development and principles, presented the limitation of present theory and methods and tried to pave the way for its further research. ’Users’ here referred to the disabled group, such as the handicapped and the aged, who had physiological defects. This paper discussed the category of disability and the physical features of the aged, which was the physiological basis of sense compensation. Besides, it analyzed their psychological problems and consumption psychology, which was the mental basis of sense compensation. With product function analysis, it put forward a series of features of barrier-free products. Different breakthrough points lead to different results. The point in this paper was sense compensation. Man’s first cognition of the world comes from sense organs. However, just because of the functional disorders of some of their sense organs, ’users’ of barrier-free design lose their abilities of apperceiving the world normally. Sense compensation means that when the function of some sense organs is in disorder, the function of other organs will increase accordingly. Through analyzing human’s perception system, the paper tried to figure out the category of sense compensation, and to show directions for product design. Lastly, taking household air-conditioner remote controller for example, combining visual, auditory and tactile information in a whole sense information system of the controller, and researching the usage of the users with visual and auditory disability, therefore, sense compensation would be proved as an effective barrier-free design method.更多还原