【作者】 潘永宝；

【导师】 金奇庭；

【作者基本信息】 西安建筑科技大学 ， 环境工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究采用人工湿地净化以雨水和再生水为主要水源人工景观水体的水质净化技术。文章主要从湿地对水体中污染物的去除效果、湿地运行的最佳水力负荷、季节变化对湿地运行效果的影响、污染物的去除途径分析、湿地出水污染物浓度与面积负荷之间的关系、人工湿地冬季运行性能的强化措施、水体水质的改善效果等多个方面介绍型人工湿地净化水体水质的研究成果。结果表明：（1）人工湿地对水中P、N、COD、浊度和藻类等污染物有较好去除效果。湿地对TP的最大去除率为66％，NO₃^--N的最大去除率为97.5％，NH₄⁺-N的最大去除率为42.9％，TN的最大去除率为40.9％，COD的最大去除率为80％，浊度的最大去除率为96.7％，藻类的最大去除率为99％。（2）随水力负荷的增加湿地对氨氮的去除效果略有好转，而其它污染物的去除率均下降。人工湿地对污染物的去除效果受季节的影响较大，夏季湿地对TP的去除率要比冬季高出34％，对TN的去除率要比冬季高出27％。（3）实验结果可以得出当水力负荷为1.2m/d时，湿地除磷的最大去除速率5.66g/（m²·d）；当水力负荷为0.9m/d时，湿地对NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N和TN的最大去除速率23.87g/（m²·d）、35.91g/（m²·d）、54.58g/（m²·d）。（4）植物覆盖可以有效提高冬季湿地对N、P的去除效果。植物覆盖湿地对TP和氨氮的去除效果约是空白床的两倍；对TN的去除效果约是空白床的三倍左右；对硝氮的处理效果基本没有什么区别，去除效果均较差。植物覆盖可以作为冬季湿地保温方法用以提高湿地冬季运行效果。（5）湿地是水体中污染物去除的主要途径，去除TP和TN数量占总减少量的比例分别为52.6～88.6％和62.3～98.7％，平均分别为67.78％和77.32％。（6）在本实验条件下，三种植物中水柳腐烂时释放的COD、TN和TP的量最多，分别是46.02mg/g、0.98mg/g和0.4mg/g。（7）夏季时湿地中部微生物量要高于湿地湿地前端和后部；冬季时湿地前端含有的生物量最高。微生物硝化活性的大小顺序是：前部＞中部＞后部。总之，采用人工湿地法处理景观水体效果好，为景观水体的水质净化提供了一条新思路。更多还原

【Abstract】 Purification of artificial scenic water using rainwater and reclaimed water as resource by constructed wetland was studied in this paper.Many factors were studied to explain the results of the research into water body purification by constructed wetland in this paper such as the effects of contamination removal, optimum hydraulic loading rate, effects of season, analysis of ways of contamination removal, connection of contamination concentration in effluent of constructed wetland and area loading, strengthen of constructed wetland in winter, effect of water quality improvement and so on.The following results were proved through the experimental study:（1） The removal efficiencies of P, N, COD, turbidity and algae in the wetland were fairly good. The maximal removal rates of TP, NO₃^- -N, NH₄⁺-N, TN, COD, turbidity and algae were respectively 66%, 97.5%, 42.9%, 40.9%, 80%, 96.7%, 99%.（2） With an increasing hydraulic loading rate, the removal rates of NH₄⁺-N increased, while other removal rates of contamination decreased. The removal efficiencies of contaminants in wetland were changed as seasons alternated. For example, the removal rate of TP is 34% higher in summer than in winter, and the removal rate of TP is 27% higher in summer than in winter.（3） When the constructed wetland was used to remove TP, the experimental results proved that the maximal removal speed of TP was 5.66 g/ （m²·d） when the hydraulic loading was 1.2m/d. When constructed wetland was used in denitrification. The maximal removal speeds of NH₄⁺-N, NO₃^--N and TN were respectively 23.87 g/ （m²·d）, 35.91 g/ （m²·d） and 54.58 g/ （m²·d） when he hydraulic loading was 0.9m/d.（4） The removal efficiencies of P and N could be enhanced when constructed wetland was covered by plants in winter. The removal rates of TP and NH₄⁺-N by wetland covered with plants were twice as the blank wetland’, and the removal rate of TN was three times as the blank wetland’. However, there was no difference in NO₃^--N’s removal between the plants covered wetland and the blank wetland. Plants covering can be one method to improve the removal efficiencies of contaminants in the constructed wetland in winter by reducing the heat loss.（5） Constructed wetland was a main way to remove pollutants in water. The quality removed by constructed wetland was 52.6-88.6% and 62.3-98.7% in all removed pollutants, the average quality was 67.78% and 77.32%.（6） Under the contion of this experiment, COD, TN and TP released when Lythrum salicaria rotted were respectively 46.02mg/g, 0.98mg/g and 0.4mg/g（7） The biomass in the middle of constructed wetland was higher then the forward and back part of constructed wetland in summer; The biomass in the forward part of constructed wetland was the highest in winter. The nitrication was: the forward nitrication > the middle nitrication > the back nitrication.We can conclude that the constructed wetland performed quite well in treating scenic water through the experimental study. It could be a new way for purification of scenic water.更多还原