【作者】 安乐；

【导师】 刘临安；

【作者基本信息】 西安建筑科技大学 ， 建筑历史与理论， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 西安是享誉世界的历史文化名城，有着深厚的文化底蕴和久远的文明传承。中国古代建筑是世界上最古老的建筑体系之一，其风格多异、独树一帜。从民国时期开始以至新中国成立以来，围绕如何继承中国古代建筑传统，发扬民族形式，创作新的传统建筑艺术美的问题曾开展过无数次的讨论和探索。作为历史文化名城，西安虽然在保护古城区格局及古城整体风貌上卓有成效，但受到上个世纪80年代末期至本世纪初城市高速发展的影响，结合古城风貌保护所创作的的古代风格建筑还存在很多问题和不足。在当前社会背景下，如何正确协调保护与更新、传统与文脉之间的关系成为当今西安古代风格建筑创作务必解决的问题，也成为千年古都西安的独特使命。本文旨在研究西安古代风格建筑发展的历史沿革，对西安近30年来古代风格建筑创作的产生发展及创作实例进行了回顾性研究。总结了中国古代建筑和近现代建筑的发展概况，深入分析了中国近代建筑史上的三次复古思潮，进而简要阐述现代建筑和古代建筑之间的关系。本文提出古风建筑这一概念，即：指所有具有中国古代建筑风貌和风格，含有中国古代建筑形式、特征、符号或借鉴中国古代建筑中的非物质性建筑和规划理念的现代建成建筑。作者沿着城市发展的历史脉络，从城市地位的特殊性和古代建筑的核心风格的角度，阐述了西安古风建筑的产生发展、分布特点和主要创作手法，重点分析了相应的实例，回顾了西安古风建筑的发展。论文中提到：从历史上看，西安古风建筑产生的历史起源较早，古代长安城市及建筑发展的辉煌历史对西安当代古风建筑的发展历程和发展方向影响深远。近代以来，中国现代建筑开始注意继承传统，探索古今交融，力求在建筑创作中将古代风格与现代功能合理的结合。近代以来，西安无论是官方还是民间都对基于古城风貌保护的西安古风建筑发展作出了很大的努力，尤其是近30年来西安古风建筑呈现高速发展的态势，其中虽然不乏许多优秀的典型实例，但也仍存在许多不足。具体来说，近30年来西安古风建筑创作的主要手法有：1、再现古代形式，合理改造：2、符号抽象，拼贴运用；3、概括改良；4、深层诠释，象征隐喻；西安古风建筑发展中特色内容有：1、结合历史街区控制性改造的古风建筑创作；2、借鉴西安城市肌理的古风建筑创作；3、西安古风建筑的特色夜景照明。需要进一步探讨和注意改进的主要的方面有：1、除外形和视觉符号的应用外，应努力将凝聚在古代建筑中的中国传统的文化、观念、意识和心理方面的因素引入到新的建筑中；2、应该注意到所采用的旧形式与新功能之间的合乎逻辑的理性联系；3、需注意合理消解体量矛盾并注意对城市空间尺度的合理把握；4、应该适度的发展古风建筑，尽量减少社会不良因素对古风建筑发展的影响；5、应重视可持续发展，强调生态和节能，避免浪费；6、应提倡积极的批判态度和在实践中发展。本文试图通过分析西安近30年来的古代风格建筑创作实例，帮助人们认识和理解具有古代建筑风貌的现代建筑，希望能对西安乃至中国城市建设中的建筑更新产生积极影响，对今后西安历史文化名城保护、古城风貌保持、古风建筑创作发展以及中国现代建筑创新等研究提供一些基础，并启发今后的古风建筑创作。更多还原

【Abstract】 Xi’an, with her glorious cultural heritage, is renowned for her unique architectural style both in China and the whole world. Since the Republic of China to the People’s Republic of China, people have had heated discussion about how to inherit the ancient architecture tradition and carry forward the national style while developing traditional architecture to modern beauty. Effective measures have been taken to preserve the ancient city pattern and style. Resulted from the rapid urban development since 1980s, however, many problems arise in the new buildings which are designed for the protection of the old city style. Therefore, we are currently committed to coordinates protection and renewal as well as tradition and inheritance.This paper focuses on the development of ancient architectural styles in Xi’an. It also makes a review of some real cases in recent 30 years. Based on the development of Chinese ancient and the modern architecture, the paper analyzes the three ideological trends in Chinese modern times. Then it elaborated relationship between the modern and the ancient architecture. The paper proposes the concept of architecture in ancient style, i.e., modern buildings which embody Chinese ancient architectural styles, features and symbols as well as those which borrow the non-material ideas from Chinese architecture and designing. Based on the historical development of the city, the paper elucidated the birth, development, distribution and creation technique of architecture in ancient style of the city. Afterwards, the paper analyzes the corresponding cases with emphasis. Finally it makes a brief summary to current architecture creation in ancient styles as well as certain problems in Xi’ an.Historically speaking, as mentioned in the paper, architecture of ancient styles in Xi’ an originated early. City designing and architectural development in Tang Dynasty (619-907 AD) exerted a great influence on modern buildings in Xi’an. Since modern times, official and non-official efforts have been made to protect the old city style of Xi’ an. In spite of the rapid development in recent 30 years with many sound cases emerging, there exist many quite a lot of problems in ancient style. Particularly, the creation techniques and features of Xi’ an ancient styles in recent 30 years include:1. ancient appearance inherited from the history with reasonable transformation; 2. abstract marks combined and utilized; 3. summary and improvement; 4 in-depth annotations and symbolic metaphor; 5. controllable transforms for ancient blocks; 6. borrowed city texture; 7. special night lighting. Special attention is to be made in following aspects: 1. besides the application of contour and visual marks, traditional factors condensed in ancient architecture, such as Chinese culture, concept, conscience, ideas and psychology, are supposed to introduced to modern architecture;2. old style and new function are to be connected in a logical and rational manner; 3. contradiction between the ancient architecture and the modern architecture reasonable is hoped to be dispelled. 4. architecture in ancient style is supposed to be developed moderately while negative factors harmful for its development should be reduced; 5. more attention is to be paid to sustainable development with emphasis on ecology and environment while avoiding wasting resources. 6. positive critical attitude should be encouraged and developed in practice.This paper analyzes some real cases in recent 30 years, with attempt to help better understand architecture in ancient style. We hope it can give a positive impact on the future research on the protection of Xi’an city as long as the maintenance of ancient style and features in Xi’an and even in China. We also expect this paper can give some inspiration to architecture creation and the development of architecture creation in ancient styles in Xi’an city.更多还原